27th Student Academic Conference Schedule

 In this presentation we will discuss how rather than utilizing our own capabilities to their full potential, humans today are reliant on technology and social media to try and further their individual abilities. Due to the development of technology, we see that people have lost sight of their true value. Our world runs on technology. The effect of AI being integrated into our everyday lives has taken a toll on our ability to stay authentic. We see that technology is affecting people's self-image negatively, therefore stifling the growth of our skills. Through this presentation we will share how technology influences every aspect of an individual's life. 

Since 1884, the American Kennel Club (AKC) has served as the premier authority on dog husbandry. Among its other functions, the AKC creates "breed standards" that outline the qualities attributed to specific types of dogs. While it is widely understood that some breeds are more prone to certain health issues than others, we will investigate if chronology serves as an accurate indicator of overall breed health. Specifically, this analysis will use data from Fleming et al. (2004) to explore the relationship between fatal canine heath issues and the year the breed was recognized by the AKC. Our hypothesis is that older breeds are more likely to experience health issues. We presume that many breeding standards have become stricter over time, contributing to the devolution of older breed health through inbreeding when compared to younger breeds. Gaining a more robust understanding of breed age as it relates to breed health will hopefully be a meaningful attribution to the field of canine welfare.

Lauryn Wurscher and Aiden Kolehmainen were students of GID458 Interactive Media Studio in Fall 2024. They completed two interactive projects using the game engine, Construct3. The goal for both was to explore how storytelling and worldbuilding look in a UX project that included character design, visual atmosphere, and conceptualized game building. Lauryn developed a short visual novel inspired by a manuscript she had written, called Strangers and Souls. This was a portion of a full design campaign for the book, which included a website for the novel and the author, a preview of the novel, and a trailer for the book. Users of the visual novel could experience the world of the novel and travel around with the main protagonist of the book to catch ghosts as they would if they were a character in that universe. Aidan developed a platformer game that used the character’s stretchy arms to overcome obstacles and complete the level. Users can play the three-level game as Armstrong and collect dumbbells to get stronger and continue their adventure. This game was the main portion of the semester project, while also having a social media page to go along with the game.
 

Underage drinking is a significant issue among American youth, often influenced by a range of social, environmental, and psychological factors. Early alcohol consumption can have severe consequences for young individuals. This analysis will examine trends in alcohol abuse among adolescents, considering various factors such as age, sex, ethnicity, race, geographic location, socioeconomic status, and access to healthcare. We will use data from the National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH), which provides detailed insights into substance use behaviors among adolescents aged 12-17. Through exploratory data analysis, we will explore alcohol abuse rates across these various factors, focusing on the younger segment of the American population. Our findings will help draw conclusions that can help inform prevention strategies and offer valuable insights for policymakers and community leaders aiming to reduce alcohol consumption among youth.

Non-fluent aphasia, often resulting from stroke or brain injury, severely impacts an individual's ability to communicate. Melodic Intonation Therapy (MIT) has been developed as a therapy technique that utilizes melody and rhythm to engage the brain’s right hemisphere and promote speech recovery.  This literature review examined the effectiveness of MIT and how its variations impact expressive language recovery, as well as the need for greater research to refine its application in the clinical setting.

   The late 1800s was a time of industry. The advent of the railway had shifted almost everything in America. There were very few things on the plains faster than a steam engine, and certainly no faster transport. Corporations were making more money than ever before, all thanks to the rail lines. None more so than brewing companies. As populations boomed around rail lines, so did saloons. But, if saloons are booming, why doesn’t the archaeological record reflect this overabundance of beer? In the late 19th century, a new era of brewery sponsorships began. Companies would pay owners’ liquor licenses in return for exclusively selling their beer and as a bonus, help recycle their bottles. Beer was often shipped in kegs or bottles, both of which could be returned to the brewery for credit. Using the saloon midden of the railroad ghost town of Winnipeg Junction, Minnesota as a case study, this paper examines the potential influence of the bottle reuse system on the archaeological record. 

Impact of Maintaining Health Relationship In College Communities.

         Promoting healthy relationships within college communities creates an overwhelmingly positive correlation between successful social interaction and one’s overall health and well-being. Therefore, we chose to discuss the impact of maintaining healthy relationships, for our project, to present to our peers and faculty. Pursuing healthy relationships takes intentional effort, emotional intelligence, and skills in conflict resolution, with support from college and community resources. We felt that this topic is extremely relevant to our community here at Minnesota State University Moorhead. Finding ways to navigate healthy ways to maintain and progress these relationships is imperative for your overall health. Throughout our studies, by researching successful and healthy relationships, and their correlation to mental health rates in college, it was discovered just how prevalent mental illness within college communities is. Being able to prioritize healthy relationships can better impact one's overall health. 

Objective: This paper will provide insight into the research I have conducted about various process improvement methods that can be used in the healthcare field, what makes each methodology unique, and the different ways they contribute to process improvement. 

Analysis: Process improvement is particularly important in healthcare today because of the emphasis placed on patient-centered care. When the process of healthcare delivery is improved, the quality of care also improves. Process improvement benefits employees of a healthcare organization, as well as its affiliates. There are several different methodologies that can help make improvements, including Six Sigma, Lean, Total Quality Management, and Kaizen. Some common areas for process improvement include healthcare cost, service quality, and dealing with staffing shortages. 

Conclusion: Process improvement in healthcare is essential to delivering quality healthcare, improving patient outcomes, and creating a good working environment for healthcare employees. When areas for improvement are identified, process improvement methodologies provide a structure to make changes happen. 

As medical advancements extend lifespans, the prevalence of dysphagia has increased, presenting complex ethical challenges for speech-language pathologists (SLPs). This presentation explores the ethical considerations in dysphagia treatment, examining the interplay between clinical best practices, patient autonomy, cultural influences, and financial burdens. A discussion of bioethical principles—autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficence, and justice—and how the ASHA Code of Ethics guides ethical decision-making are introduced first. The role of patient-centered care is also emphasized, highlighting the impact of dysphagia on identity, socialization, and caregiver burden. Additionally, the exploration of ethical decision-making frameworks, including the Seedhouse Grid, and the integration of evidence-based practice (EBP) to ensure holistic, patient-driven care are presented. By addressing these factors, clinicians can navigate the ethical complexities of dysphagia treatment while prioritizing patient well-being and quality of life.

Costa Rica is widely known for its biodiversity and conservation initiatives, including the efforts to reintroduce endangered species back into their native habitats. This study aims to learn about the local experiences, challenges, and successes of biologists in the country of Costa Rica. After taking a two-week trip to Costa Rica through the Tropical Conservation Biology class offered by the Minnesota State University Moorhead Biosciences department, we will have interviewed a local residents and biologists of Costa Rica to gain insight on personal experiences with conservation and reintroduction. We chose to focus on the reintroduction of Macaw species and specifically the Great Green Macaw and the Wild Almond tree. By documenting these perspectives, we hope to provide valuable insights and experiences on conservation strategies and reintroduction efforts in Costa Rica and globally.

Heart rate response to exercise intensity is a key physiological measure used to assess cardiovascular fitness and exertion levels. Understanding how heart rate varies across different intensities of exercise can provide insights into training efficiency and cardiovascular adaptation. This study examines the relationship between exercise intensity and heart rate by analyzing heart rate deviations across three exercise intensities. Silva, Gentil (2019) used high intensity training and moderate intensity training to explore how heart rates compare; all of which were carried out on treadmills with 0% grade and similar total distance. Ten participants performed three separate cardiopulmonary exercises to obtain pre, post, and peak heart rates. We plan to explore the relationship between heart rates and different intensity workouts. To do this, we will examine how heart rates differentiate when different intensities of exercises are exhibited. We believe that the High Interval Intesity Trainings (HIIT) will produce higher average heart rates when compared to Moderate Intesity Continuous Training (MICT) (P<0.05). Our findings aim to contribute to a better understanding of cardiovascular responses to varying exercise intensities.

The purpose of this project was to investigate the effects of a school-based cognitive

behavioral therapy (CBT) intervention on anxiety symptoms. The C.A.T. Project program

was used with a female middle school student, who received individualized support twice

weekly in the school environment. Self-reported direct behavior ratings (DBRs) were

used to monitor the student’s progress, along with a screening measure for pre- and post-

intervention data. Results indicated that the student's baseline level of anxiety decreased

throughout the intervention. These findings suggest that the C.A.T. Project program may

be an effective intervention for adolescents experiencing problematic levels of anxiety.

Further research is needed to increase confidence in the validity and reliability of results.

Stuttering is a fluency disorder characterized by an interruption of flow in speaking. Down syndrome (DS) is a genetic disorder that is caused by the presence of a third copy of chromosome twenty-one. Approximately 30% of individuals with DS will experience stuttering (Bloodstein et al., 2021). An individual with DS who also presents with characteristics of stuttering creates a unique approach to speech treatment. Speech treatment for an individual who stutters often consists of fluency-shaping and stuttering modification techniques; however, speech treatment for individuals with DS focuses on early speech and language support. This review of literature focused on treatment approaches for individuals with DS who stutter, highlighting key themes and trends in current research, and identifying the current gaps in the literature.

Resonant Voice Therapy (RVT) is a widely used voice therapy intervention for many types of functional voice disorders. The main focus of this treatment approach is to build a strong clear voice while preventing future vocal injury. Professional voice users, or individuals whose occupation relies on the functional use of their voice (i.e., teachers, singers, politicians, broadcasters, etc.), are often most at risk for developing a voice disorder. This can have a major impact on their quality of life, however many voice disorders can be prevented and cured. This research explores the literature regarding the effectiveness of RVT for professional voice users with voice disorders. Key components of this treatment method, treatment outcome measurements, barriers, facilitators, and limitations in research are discussed.

Right hemisphere damage occurs when the right side of the brain sustains an injury, resulting in an array of distinctive characteristics that affect an individual’s complex cognitive system. While features of right hemisphere damage may look different for everyone, unilateral neglect is a common symptom characterized by difficulty attending to the left side of the body. Although treatment is limited in research, several intervention methods have been shown to improve symptoms of unilateral neglect or assist patients with greater awareness of the left side. While the literature suggests visual scanning training has the most research to determine efficacy, other research studies show promising evidence of improvement in symptoms when using techniques like prism adaptation, limb activation, virtual reality, external cues, or a combination of several intervention methods.

Abstract
This paper explores how the use of manipulatives during play fosters the development of both gross and fine motor skills. As children engage in play, they naturally refine these abilities by incorporating essential motor movements while exploring manipulatives and interacting with peers. In this context, manipulatives refer to tangible objects that facilitate learning, such as play-dough, Magna-Tiles, puzzles, and blocks. Engaging with these materials strengthens fine motor skills as children bend and move their fingers with precision, while gross motor skills develop through larger movements, such as lifting and arranging blocks. Beyond motor development, the use of manipulatives cultivates independence and initiative in play. Furthermore, intentional play with these materials not only enhances motor skills but also contributes to social, cognitive, and emotional growth, making it a vital component of early childhood development.
Keywords: Manipulatives, play, development

This experiment uses an Echocardiogram amplifier and a Tektronix TDS 1012C-EDU Digital Oscilloscope to measure the dipole moment of the heart. The voltage of the heart was taken across the arms of the body and vertically from the legs to the arms. The individual components of the dipole moment of the heart were calculated from voltages reported from the EKG. The typical value of the dipole moment of the heart is on the magnitude of 10^−12???? and
the direction is θ=±30°. The value measured in this experiment was |???| = (1.7 ± 0.6) × 10^−13???? and the angle was ?? = −32.7°. The magnitude of the dipole moment was an order of magnitude off from the expected value.

The COVID-19 coronavirus spread across the world in late 2019/early 2020, posing a severe threat of death to those that are immunocompromised, elderly, or young. It was also extremely contagious leading it to spread through areas of high population density quickly, due to it producing respiratory distress that involved coughing and/or sneezing that spread the highly communicable virus. We will explore the  connection between population density and the amount of deaths that occur due to COVID-19, proportionally. We used "Provisional COVID-19 death counts" produced by the NCHS. We compared the amount of COVID-19 related deaths across America, split into 10 regions with varying population density means.We displayed the data in different visual representations to portray the magnitude of the difference. The results of this exploratory data analysis could hold some info as to why and where COVID-19 hits the hardest in America. The data could help policy makers understand what states or regions are most vaulnerable to the spread of disease to help with future decision making in similar circumstances.

Our proposed topic is how the migratory patterns of Mallard ducks have changed over recent years.  We plan to focus on the amount of alteration in migratory patterns as well as whether these changes seem to be consistent or vary from season to season.  How climate change and land use affect these patterns will also be addressed.

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that is characterized by challenges in communication and social interaction, along with the presence of repetitive and restrictive behaviors (APA, 2013). According to Flusberg & Kasari (2013), approximately 30% of individuals with ASD use minimal verbal language even after years of language-based interventions. As a result, individuals with ASD may use augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) to replace or supplement their speech and language skills. Although AAC can facilitate communication and increase the quality of life for these individuals, learning how to use it can be compared to learning a new language. Aided language input is a common intervention strategy used to teach individuals how to use their AAC systems. Aided language input involves a communication partner simultaneously modeling language and selecting messages on an AAC tool (O’Neill et al., 2018). This poster will focus on the critical examination of the efficacy of aided language input as an intervention strategy for individuals with ASD who use AAC.

The goal of this data analysis is to assess the impacts of ethanol sclerotherapy on IVF participants who have previously been diagnosed with endometriosis. Endometriosis is a chronic disease caused by the development of uterine tissue outside of the uterus. Symptoms caused by endometriosis can include painful and/or heavy menstruation, pain during or after sexual intercourse and infertility. In our exploratory data analysis, we will be using data from Miquel et al. (2020) and focus on how sclerotherapy affects pregnancy loss, implantation rate, and how the diameter decreases with their uterus. In this data analysis Miquel et al. has two groups, both containing thirty-seven participants, who have previously been diagnosed with moderate to severe endometriosis. Each participant is divided into a control group and a treatment group. The participants are given 67 and 69 cycles of preformed IVF, and the data is collected on the live birth rates. In the treatment group, they perform the ethanol sclerotherapy prior to undergoing the IVF process and record the data. Further experiments might be needed to confirm the efficacy of this treatment, but there is a positive association observed in the study between ethanol sclerotherapy and IVF success rates in patients with endometriosis. This can be beneficial to further obstetric care for patients with endometriosis and help to further the research on ethanol sclerotherapy.

Within our presentation we will be addressing the benefits of a social media campaign and providing examples of times where it has proven to be successful. Faculty introduced us and had us create a social media campaign. Within her class we realized the perks of having a well thought out campaign. These perks include increased brand awareness, better targeting and personalization, improved customer engagement, building trust and credibility, and access to influencers. During our presentation we will be talking about businesses like Spotify, Bombas, and Patagonia where a social media campaign has proven to be successful. 

College life can be challenging and stressful due to pressures from academic, social, and personal responsibilities, which can lead to mental health struggles. Developing healthy coping strategies is essential for students to maintain their well-being and succeed academically. This project explores various coping mechanisms, including time management, mindfulness, physical activity, social support, and professional counseling. We will discuss different strategies that students can utilize to promote healthy coping habits. Emphasizing self-care practices, resilience-building techniques, and stress reduction strategies, this study highlights the importance of fostering a balanced lifestyle. By implementing effective coping skills, college students can enhance their mental health, academic performance, and overall quality of life. In order to prevent issues from spiraling into more serious mental health crises it is important to address healthy coping mechanisms. Understanding how to effectively and healthily handle stress is an essential skill for college students. Our campus at MSUM offers free mental health services and counseling. Evidence supporting our claims will be presented during the presentation.

   Invertebrate pollinators play a crucial role in maintaining ecosystem balance and supporting agricultural productivity. Local pollinator species include bees, moths, butterflies, and numerous bird species. Unfortunately, many pollinator species are in decline, posing a significant risk to entire ecosystems. Traditional methods of monitoring pollinators are labor-intensive, often damaging to small insects, and constrained by short activity windows and morphological similarities across species. This project proposes using DNA metabarcoding to supplement traditional field identification methods. By isolating DNA from flower surfaces, we can identify insect visitors based on the trace DNA they leave behind. This method promises to enhance pollinator monitoring efforts and contribute to the conservation of threatened species by providing a non-invasive, accurate, and scalable approach. The ultimate goal of this research is not only to successfully identify numerous pollinator species through their DNA but also to develop a reliable and refined DNA extraction protocol. This protocol could be implemented by federal environmental agencies and inform future conservation strategies, offering a transformative tool for protecting pollinator biodiversity and the ecosystems they sustain. 

Environmental chemicals, such as halogenated compounds, microplastics, veterinary drugs, and pesticides, are increasingly recognized for their persistence in the environment and potential for bioaccumulation in the food chain. These "forever chemicals" (PFAS) are of particular concern due to their stability and resistance to biodegradation, which leads to long-term environmental contamination. This research aims to investigate the pathways through which these chemicals enter agricultural systems—via soil, water runoff, and airborne particles—and their accumulation in plants, animals, and eventually humans. Using established methods such as LC-MS/MS, soil contamination, water runoff, plant uptake, and animal bioaccumulation will be assessed across agricultural sites. The study will also explore the transfer of these chemicals from livestock to human food products. By quantifying the distribution, absorption, and bioaccumulation of these chemicals, this research will provide valuable insights into their potential risks to human health and food safety, offering a foundation for future regulatory and mitigation strategies.

Costa Rica is renowned for its commitment to conservation, with a diverse network of protected areas designed to balance ecological preservation and human activity. This study compares human disturbances in two types of protected areas: national parks and private reserves. National parks, managed by the government, often experience higher visitor traffic, infrastructure development, and enforcement variability, while private reserves may implement stricter conservation measures with more controlled access. By comparing factors such as habitat degradation, wildlife disturbance, and resource extraction, this study evaluates the effectiveness of each system in mitigating human impact. Preliminary findings suggest that while national parks provide broader public access and large-scale conservation, private reserves may offer more stringent protection with localized management strategies. Understanding these differences is crucial for improving conservation policies and ensuring long-term sustainability in Costa Rica’s biodiverse landscapes. 

On, September 16th, 1922, The Northwestern Bulletin in the Twin Cities sounded the alarm, “Believe it or not, they’re here!” The second iteration of the Ku Klux Klan in the United States emerged as a reactionary movement to the various social crises and the fast-moving culture of the 1920s. The Klan impacted every state with varying degrees of success, whether it be Oregon, Indiana, Oklahoma, Florida, or New York. However, public knowledge of the Minnesotan experience regarding the Ku Klux Klan is nearly all-forgotten and often erased. Drawing from newspapers, oral histories, state records, Klan documents, and personal correspondence. This study will examine why the Klan was able to resonate with so many Minnesotans, addressing both what the Klan did and its lasting impact on the state. How did they resonate with Minnesotans, where was the Klan the strongest, who were they against, and who opposed them? The ultimate goal of this study is to spread awareness about a past that is being erased and although the Klan was unsuccessful in its goals. The North Star Klan, even in its smallest chapters, impacted every Minnesotan and left behind a legacy that many wish to forget.

This poster examines the challenges faced by speech-language pathologists (SLPs) in distinguishing between language differences and disorders in bilingual school-age children. With an increasing number of bilingual learners, SLPs must navigate issues such as misdiagnosis caused by English-based assessments and the lack of standardized tools for bilingual populations. Emphasis is given to the importance of culturally responsive practices and the use of both formal assessments, like the Diagnostic Evaluation of Language Variation (DELV), and informal methods like dynamic assessment to ensure accurate diagnoses. It also describes the need for further research to improve assessment tools and training for SLPs to better serve bilingual children’s language needs.

Individuals who rely on augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) face significant barriers to obtaining and maintaining employment, despite the well-documented personal and societal benefits of workforce participation. This presentation explores the current state of employment for adult users of AAC, identifying key barriers and facilitators for successful employment of this population. The role of speech-language pathologists (SLPs) in supporting users of AAC in employment settings is discussed, emphasizing the need for workplace-specific AAC interventions and ongoing professional support. Additional recommendations are made for future research to better understand and address employment disparities faced by those who use AAC.

Background.
Access control systems play a central role in securing physical spaces, where secured areas are accessed only by authorized individuals. As security threats increase and the need for robust authentication rises, the integration of advanced smart card readers and network controllers has become essential. Johnson Controls' RDR8S Smart Card Reader and iSTAR Ultra G2 Controller offer cyber-hardened, scalable access control solutions, designed to enhance security, compliance, and operational efficiency.

Research Question/Purpose
This study examines the efficiency of RDR8S and iSTAR Ultra G2 in door authentication security. In particular, it looks at how these products facilitate multi-level access control, encryption, and real-time monitoring, thereby breaking the constraints of traditional authentication methods.

Methods
The research involves a technical review of system configurations, security protocols, and their deployment on test setups. Data is collected from the documentation of manufacturers, whitepapers, integration manuals, and case studies in the industry to compare the performance, reliability, and scalability of these authentication devices.

Findings

Preliminary results show that the support provided by the iSTAR Ultra G2 for up to 32 readers paired with RDR8S's smart card encryption and multi-factor authentication support significantly elevates door access security. Its trusted execution environment (TEE) and secure boot also shield against cyber attacks, thereby meeting compliance with security standards such as NIST and ISO 27001. Conclusion and Significance This research illustrates how RDR8S and iSTAR Ultra G2 work together to enhance access control via a scalable, encrypted, and cyber-secure authentication system. These findings have important implications for organizations that are seeking to update facility security, discourage unauthorized facility access, and incorporate contemporary authentication technologies within the security system. Future recommendations are to conduct further testing using biometric integrations and apply AI-based anomaly detection to facilitate adaptive security management.

Since 2007, electricity supplied by South Africa’s primary firm, Eskom, has not kept pace with the country's growing demand for electricity. In this environment, households and businesses experience scheduled power outages known as loadshedding. Prior literature estimates the cumulative economic loss of loadshedding at R35 billion ($1.8 billion) for years 2007 to 2019. This research updates these estimates by calculating the economic costs incurred by the South African economy due to loadshedding from April 2020 to December 2024. An understanding of the impacts of loadshedding on households, businesses, and the South African economy positions stakeholders to realign energy policies with the nation's economic development goals.

Ocean literacy among the public is generally low, especially for inland populations. In this presentation we report ocean literacy of youth aged 9-14 located in the center of North America, before and after a 4-day camp program on ocean literacy hosted at the Minnesota State University Moorhead Oceanarium. This project was initiated in 2023 and continued through the summer of 2024. This past summer’s process consisted of building a new curriculum focused around the seven principles, writing a 25 question survey to monitor initial and final knowledge, and applying three different question techniques (rote memorization, synthesis, and real world applications). Our goal was to enhance youth ocean-based education and change the youth’s attitude and their behaviours for the future of our oceans. The resulting data shows an 23.6% overall increase in knowledge, a surprisingly high pre-knowledge, and details of how different ages learn about this subject. It indicates the importance of making Ocean Literacy teachings age specific and shows the effectiveness of offering hands-on learning about the ocean environment.

Breast cancer is a type of cancer that begins as an abnormal growth of cells in the breast. Although the disease is most common in women it can also occur in men. Breast cancer risk increases with age and other factors such as genetics and hormonal influence. We will explore the relationship between percent necrosis (cell death) and age of diagnosis using an exploratory data analysis. Our data set is the TCIA collection accessed through the Biobank Pathology Portal hosted by the Cancer Imaging Archive. The results of our study could help determine how quickly or aggressively breast cancer is growing as well as identify the age at which individuals may face a greater risk of higher percent necrosis.

This study explores the perspectives of preservice teacher candidates on the topics in education they perceive as the most important and urgent as they prepare for their first year of teaching. Utilizing quantitative methodology, the study aims to identify and prioritize educational topics preservice teacher candidates believe are critical to their professional development. Participants are asked to rate the topics based on two criteria: urgency and importance. Each topic is rated on a scale from 0 to 5, where 0 indicates unfamiliar with the topic, 1 indicates low urgency or importance, and 5 indicates high urgency or importance. The findings will provide insight into the current priorities and the concerns of future teachers, informing the teacher education program about areas that require immediate attention and resources. This study aims to enhance the relevance and effectiveness of teacher education programs to ensure teacher readiness during their first year in the profession.

The emergence of student-led activism in the 1960s introduces paradoxical philosophies and ideologies. Driven by the presence of individuals such as Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. and Malcolm X, the ideological landscape of the Civil Rights Era in America during the 1950s and 1960s is ostensibly halved. Dr. King is the outspoken embodiment of radical nonviolence – a method of civil disobedience to create or force social reform. Contrarily, Malcolm X embodies a radically aggressive proposition often labeled as violent – otherwise known by the popularized amorphism “by any means necessary.” Students, intending to extricate themselves from the confines of Dr. King’s and Malcolm X’s respective rhetorics, began taking matters into their own hands. The Student Non-Violent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) initially materialized from Dr. King’s methodology but, within years, found the sentiment inadequate. Similarly, the Black Panther Party and Malcolm X’s bellicose approach reciprocally intertwine. However, both organizations are inextricably rooted in the foundations of the two immense figures’ philosophies and are furthermore invariably interlocked with each other. This examination of the SNCC and the Black Panther Party explores the relationship between the two, confronts the evolution of violence out of nonviolence, and seeks to understand why the inevitable shift was indeed inevitable.

Immunizations is the process of giving a vaccine to a person to protect them from diseases. They work by stimulating the body’s immune system to build protection against disease. Covid-19 is a contagious disease caused by the coronavirus. We will explore the immunization rates of the flu and pneumonia before and after Covid-19. Four data sets will be used from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System on the CDC website to compare immunization records in the United States. In this exploratory data analysis project, we will investigate how Covid-19 affects the rates of immunizations of the flu and pneumonia. We will compare the regional rates of the specific immunizations of pre and post Covid-19. The results in this project can play a role in understanding how a severe disease impacts how individuals take precautions regarding their health through immunizations.

This project builds on prior work done determining the primary and Blazhko periods of the RR Lyrae star EY UMa. This year, data from the Catalina Real-Time Transient Survey (CRTS), NASA’s Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS), and the All-Sky Automated Survey for Supernovae (ASAS-SN) were analyzed to compare sky survey and satellite results with observations at the Paul P. Feder Observatory. The current estimate for the primary period of this star is 0.54906 ± 0.000023 days. With the aid of sky surveys, the current estimate for the Blazhko period was found to be 94.2 days. There is evidence that this star is experiencing phase modulation along with the amplitude modulation studied thus far, though more analysis is needed to determine its period.  

Diabetes is a chronic disease that affects the body's ability to regulate blood sugar (glucose). They are two types of diabetes, type I (insulin resistant) and type II (insulin dependent). Both types affect the quality of life of these individuals because they need constant blood sugar level check, proper nutrition, and exercise. Diabetes continues to be a growing public health concern, with its prevalence rising across various geographic regions. Risk factors of type II diabetes include being overweight or obese, physical inactivity, family history, and age. A balance diet is a crucial element to help these individuals with living with diabetes, factors such as food insecurity limit the ability of proper healthy eating due to the lack of food access. We will use the County Health Rankings & Roadmaps produced by the University of Wisconsin Population Health Institute. We plan to explore the relationship between diabetes prevalence, adult obesity, and food insecurity across Minnesota counties in 2024.

This senior project investigates methods for forecasting crime statistics using historical data from the State of North Dakota compiled in a dataset. Multiple forecasting techniques, including classical time series models (ARIMA and Prophet), ensemble machine learning (Random Forest), and deep learning via Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) networks, were implemented and compared to determine their effectiveness in predicting crime rates. The study emphasizes a rigorous experimental approach where models are evaluated based on their predictive accuracy using established error metrics. While each method has its strengths, the deep learning approach demonstrated superior performance, suggesting that LSTM networks are particularly well-suited to capturing the complex temporal patterns inherent in crime data. These findings provide a foundation for developing robust predictive tools that can support proactive law enforcement and enhance public safety.

            Augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) has significantly improved how individuals with complex communication needs express their thoughts, wants, and needs. However, traditional AAC layouts are typically designed for analytical language processors (ALP). It often does not fully support individuals who acquire language through alternative processes, such as gestalt language processing (GLP). GLP is a form of language acquisition in which individuals learn language in chunks or scripts rather than individual words, a process commonly observed in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). This poster presentation explores the co-occurrence of GLP for AAC users and highlights the challenges individuals who process language through gestalts face. Through an in-depth analysis of the current literature and theoretical frameworks, this paper emphasizes the need for individualized AAC customization, multimodal communication support, and naturalistic intervention approaches to promote functional and meaningful language development.

On February 9, 1950, Senator Joseph McCarthy took the nation by storm when he declared at a speech in Wheeling, West Virginia that he possessed a secret list of 205 communists working in the State Department. Two days later, he sent a letter to President Truman claiming to have 57 names. What was the reason for this discrepancy? No such list existed and it had all been a lie. Nevertheless, a ruthless strain of anti-communism, quickly titled McCarthyism, permeated American politics and crafted an atmosphere of fear and paranoia which threatened to unravel the nation. With this context in mind, it is worth asking the question of how did dissenters against McCarthyism serve as a guardrail for institutional preservation? This question will be tackled through a variety of sources, including hearing transcripts, interviews, letters, media communications, speeches, and other formats. These materials will be utilized to determine whether the dissenters against McCarthy provided a viable alternative to the American public and, in so doing, blocked the most extreme effects of McCarthyism. The lessons and thoughts individuals can take away are that a strong enough dissent can counter an overzealous power, even if said power is bent on the dissenting group’s destruction. 

The Earth's oceans are one of our biggest life sources, having a large impact on human and plant health. Microbial communities are important for supporting biodiverity in the oceans. Understanding how these things grow and what conditions they grow best in can help us have a better understanding of the relationship between the two. We aim to explore correlations between the quantity of fast-growing bacteria and the concentration of nutrients in the water? We expect to find that bacteria with slower growth rates will be favored in warmer temperatures, meaning that slower growing bacteria will be more prevalent towards the ocean's surface. We also expect that the mean-copy number (MCN) has a proportional relationship with latitude, with one inceasing with the other. Smaller MCN numbers are indicative of a smaller number of slow-growing bacteria,using our data from Abreu et al. (2023). We plan to analyze and compare different variables in our data to find correlations and possible causes for change in mean copy number. We will be performing an exploratory data analysis in order to determine if the concentration of nutrients has any influence on the MCN. Our findings from this analysis will help to determine the ideal conditions for fast-growing bacteria and where they would be most abundant.

Climate change has gradually become a concern and a challenge on a global scale with a numerous and wide range of risk for humans, animals, and trees. One major affected area of climate change is the nutritional quality of seafood, particularly coastal and developing regions because they are the most vulnerable to this issue. This project seeks to explore the impact of climate change on nutrients disparities in seafood. We will use data from Williams et al. (2021) to explore changes in available seafood-sourced nutrients including calcium, iron, omega-3 fatty acids and protein under climate change scenarios across multiple countries. Specifically, we will use climate projections from the SSP5 Shared Socioeconomic Pathway that emphasizes future fossil fuel development. Understanding this relationship between climate change and nutrition of sea food is essential for developing adaptive strategies to combat this problem and promote more sustainable methods for longevity.

Cybersecurity threats pose significant risks to individuals and organizations, leading to data breaches, financial losses, and operational disruptions. This presentation explores key threats such as malware, phishing, DDoS attacks, insider threats, and zero-day exploits. It also discusses mitigation strategies, including network security measures, multi-factor authentication, encryption, and incident response planning. Through case studies of real-world cyber incidents, we highlight lessons learned and best practices to strengthen security defenses. The goal is to enhance awareness and promote proactive cybersecurity measures in an increasingly digital world.

Fluency disorders, like stuttering, significantly affect children's communication beyond verbal speech, creating challenges that influence their interactions, including those with caregivers. Caregiver involvement is crucial in the speech and language development of children who stutter, requiring a supportive environment to foster effective communication. This poster presentation examines caregiver-centered interventions for childhood stuttering, explicitly focusing on the Lidcombe Program (Gebski et al., 2005 & Goodhue et al., 2010), Palin Parent-Child Intervention (Millard & Onslow, 2012), and the Family-Focused Therapy Approach (Yaruss et al., 2006). These approaches emphasize caregiver education, involvement in therapy, and implementing communication strategies at home. Each intervention exhibits varying degrees of success in reducing stuttering and improving confidence for both the child and the caregiver. This paper highlights the importance of individualized treatment plans tailored to the child's and caregiver's specific needs, ensuring positive long-term outcomes in managing stuttering. 

This literature review explores the effectiveness of video modeling in fostering workforce independence among adolescents with developmental disabilities. Employment is vital for financial, social, and emotional well-being, yet individuals with disabilities experience significantly lower employment rates. Video modeling, which utilizes recorded demonstrations to teach specific behaviors, helps individuals generalize skills across different environments. As secondary transition programs aim to equip adolescents with vocational skills, video modeling offers a flexible, cost-effective solution accessible through smartphones and tablets. This research delves into the various types of video modeling and provides valuable insights into which method is most effective for different tasks and the individual’s unique needs.

Axolotls, often referred to as "Mexican walking fish," are amphibians native to the Xochimilco waterway system near Mexico City. Unlike most amphibians, axolotls exhibit neoteny, meaning they retain their larval features into adulthood, such as gills and a finned tail. This, along with their regenerative abilities - capable of regenerating limbs, their spinal cord, heart, and other organs -makes them extremely valuable for scientific research. They have become critically endangered in their natural habitat due to urbanization, pollution, and invasive species. Axolotls have a diverse diet, primarily consisting of small aquatic animals, and can live up to 15 years in captivity. Their fascinating traits and adorable appearance have made them popular in the pet trade, while their cultural significance is deeply rooted in Aztec mythology. Conservation efforts are ongoing to protect this extraordinary species and their ecosystem.

The cost of living has increased at a higher rate than the average income of an individual. Childcare can be included in the cost of living and is necessary for many families as they need the dual income to keep up with expenses. We will be using data from the Kids Count data center including data on the average annual childcare costs and median family income. We plan to compare median family income with the annual cost of childcare for infants in Minnesota counties from 2002 to 2021. We expect that the median family income for many families has remained stagnant while the price of licensed family based childcare has increased. Our results could be used to further investigate the discrepancies between income changes and the pricing of childcare.

Prairie dogs (Genus Cynomys) are herbivorous social burrowing ground squirrels found in North American grasslands; they exhibit complex social structures centered around highly organized family groups called coteries. Population dynamics of Prairie dogs can be highly variable depending on environmental conditions, disease, and predation often having boom and bust cycles. Recently human development has put pressure on populations highlighting the need for conservation efforts. They have intricate communication networks and complex social group networks exhibiting intricate hierarchies and roles. Understanding their social structure is crucial for conservation efforts and ecosystem management, there is a need to balance competition and cooperation in maintaining stable prairie dog communities.  

Substance abuse trends evolve over time, influenced by factors such as drug availability, mental health, cultural shifts, and societal attitudes. This study aims to predict which substances are most likely to be abused in the future by analyzing historical data on these key influences. Using a data-driven approach, we incorporate trends from multiple sources, including youth perceptions of drug availability, mental health statistics, cultural indicators, and even social media to develop a predictive model. By identifying patterns and correlations, this research provides valuable insights for policymakers, educators, and public health officials to anticipate and address future substance abuse challenges proactively.

This project is about the importance of science centers in an early childhood setting. In constructivism, Piaget clearly states that learning comes from the active role of children’s understanding of the world around them. When interacting with science-based learning centers in preschool, children learn to ask questions to receive answers. According to Piaget’s theory, children who are not actively engaged in group work are less likely to develop vocabulary skills, critical thinking, and adequate social skills. In a science center, children learn to engage with one another and the world around them to learn and grow as individuals through approaches such as inquiry-based science. Inquiry-based science is “a teaching method that encourages students to explore scientific topics through hands-on activities and problem-solving.” 

   College students need to eat healthy as it can directly impact their academics. Eating a healthy and balanced diet provides the body with the essential nutrients for everyday life. These essential nutrients include minerals, vitamins, carbohydrates, fiber, and much more. Maintaining a healthy balance of these nutrients will optimize your energy, better your mood, help you get better sleep, improve your immune system, and even help you live a longer life, avoiding chronic diseases. Having poor eating habits can lead to obesity, low energy levels/fatigue, poor immune function, increased risk of chronic diseases, decreased cognition, and mental health issues.

            College students face many barriers to eating a healthy, well-balanced diet. These barriers include a lack of time, a busy schedule, and a limited budget. However, it is crucial for their academic success. There are many healthy options on campus to help students achieve a balanced diet. This project aims to show college students how they can prioritize eating healthy during their college life. 

Stuttering is a very complex speech disorder that can affect normal communication and is impacted by emotional and physiological variables. Although fluency is the main focus of traditional speech therapy, research is beginning to emphasize the importance of emotional control in determining the severity of stuttering and the effectiveness of treatment. Interventions that are more comprehensive and successful may result from an understanding of this link. This poster presentation summarizes recent literature related to how emotional control affects children’s stuttering severity and the efficacy of therapy. Incorporating emotional regulation techniques may improve treatment results since elevated emotional reactions can intensify speech disfluencies. The interaction between conventional speech treatment methods and emotion management techniques, such as mindfulness exercises and cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT). The literature supports how crucial it is to include emotional regulation in children's stuttering treatment and using a holistic strategy to incorporate stuttering treatment, emotional management, and fluency shaping. 

Keywords: Stuttering, emotional regulation, speech therapy, neurophysiology, fluency shaping, stuttering modification, cognitive-behavioral therapy, mindfulness, communication confidence, therapy outcomes. 

Aspergillus fumigatus is an opportunistic airborne fungus that poses significant health risks, particularly to immunocompromised individuals and patients with preexisting conditions such as asthma. Despite its clinical relevance, the interplay between host sex, genetic background, and immune response to A. fumigatus exposure remains underexplored. This study investigated how collagen production, mucus production, and immune cell counts in the lung vary with sex and strain in BALB/cJ and C57BL/6J mice exposed to A. fumigatus.

Mice were challenged with airborne A. fumigatus spores weekly for three consecutive weeks. Histological analysis of lung tissue that were paraffin-embedded and sectioned at 5 µm was conducted to assess collagen and mucus production. Sirius Red/Fast Green and Periodic Acid Schiff was used for staining, images were analyzed and graded on a 3 point scale with higher numbers corresponding to a higher intensity of collagen. Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) was performed to collect immune cells, and identified using morphometric differences.

Results show timepoint comparisons revealed significant increases in collagen deposition between naïve and day 3 BALB/cJ males, naïve and day 3 BALB/cJ females, naïve and day 3 C57BL/6J males, and day 3 and day 28 C57BL/6J females. Strain-based differences were also observed, with significant variation between naïve BALB/cJ and C57BL/6J males, day 3 BALB/cJ and C57BL/6J females, and day 28 BALB/cJ and C57BL/6J mice of both sexes. Granulocyte counts peaked at day 3 post-challenge and declined by day 28, with male C57BL/6J mice exhibiting significantly higher granulocyte numbers than male BALB/cJ mice. Sex-based differences in collagen production and immune cell counts were not significant across naïve and post-challenge groups, C57BL6/J male mice had elevated mucus production on day 3 post-challenge.

This study highlights that genetic background influences collagen deposition and the immune response to A. fumigatus infections, while sex-based differences were largely absent. These findings provide insights into fungal disease modeling and emphasize the importance of strain-specific considerations in therapeutic strategies.

    Costa Rica’s rich biodiversity and strong conservation efforts are threatened by invasive species, which outcompete native populations, disrupt ecosystems, and reduce biodiversity. These species arrive through accidental introduction, agriculture, and climate factors, affecting both ecological balance and economic stability. Some invasive species aggressively displace native plants, alter freshwater ecosystems, and threaten wildlife and national parks.

     Managing invasive species requires physical removal, biological control, and regulations, but these methods demand resources, coordination, and continuous monitoring. Climate change adds complexity by creating favorable conditions for certain species. This presentation will explore the ecological and economic impacts of invasive species in Costa Rica.

Oral, mental and overall health have a relationship, and recent studies have been diving deeper into what impacts oral health has on a person's overall wellbeing. The question we aim to discover is how oral health impacts mental health in individuals under 18. In addition, we will also examine the correlation between oral health and being overweight/obese.  

We will be using data from the Kids Count Data Center from the Annie E. Casey Foundation; our data is based on the United States from 2016 to 2021. By exploratory data analysis, we will be looking at data sets stating the condition of the children's teeth and whether they have received preventive dental care. We will also look at data of children with one or more emotional, behavioral or developmental problems, children with anxiety or depression, and the overall health status of children.  

We expect to see a significant correlation between an individual's oral health, mental health, and systemic health in children under 18. This will contribute to a broader understanding of how oral health impacts children's mental and physical health and could therefore guide healthcare providers in creating a more integrated approach to pediatric healthcare to address all health needs or how different problems may be correlated.

The research literature has debated the link between natural resource riches and economic growth for decades. While some resource-rich countries have translated their natural endowments into sustained economic growth, others have experienced the “resource curse" in which abundant natural resources coincide with economic stagnation, weak institutions, and increased corruption instead of prosperity. This paper conducts a comparative literature review of the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) and Singapore to explore these two nations' divergent economic growth outcomes relative to their natural resource endowments. The DRC, despite its vast mineral resources, faces persistent economic challenges, while Singapore, with limited natural resources, exhibits ongoing economic prosperity. By analyzing research published between 1970 and 2024, this paper identifies key factors (governance, institutional quality, diversification, and human capital development) that describe these nations' divergent economic growth trajectories. The findings underscore the importance of effective resource management and strategic economic policies in transforming resource wealth into sustainable economic growth.

Dolphins and whales are highly intelligent marine mammals that use social learning to pass on knowledge and behaviors within their groups. They learn foraging techniques, communication signals, and migration routes by observing and imitating others. For example, bottlenose dolphins teach their calves to use marine sponges as tools, while humpback whales pass down unique songs across generations. This ability to share and transmit behaviors creates distinct cultures within populations. Studying social learning in these animals provides insight into their intelligence, collaboration, and the evolution of their species

Speech- Language Pathologist’s (SLP) are educated and trained in the areas of prevention, identification of communication disorders and delays, assessment, intervention, and consultation with other education professionals (Ehren, 2007). Their role in the schools lies parallel to the outline of response to intervention (RTI), a program designed to address educational challenges before they become failures and have lasting impacts on a student’s education (Ehren & Whitmire, 2009). RTI can aid in addressing challenges in academic content areas as well as specific speech and/or language concerns prior a student’s qualification for special education services or their failure of understanding a crucial content area (Sanger et al., 2012). This poster will highlight the overlap between the RTI framework and the role of the SLP to aid in success for elementary aged students.

Childhood Apraxia of Speech (CAS) is a motor speech disorder that impairs the ability to plan and coordinate speech movements, resulting in unintelligible speech (Strand, 2020). Children with CAS often make inconsistent errors, struggle with sound transitions, and have difficulty sequencing sounds and words. Early diagnosis and intensive, motor-based interventions are crucial for improving speech intelligibility. Dynamic Temporal and Tactile Cueing (DTTC) is one of the many integral stimulation treatment techniques used to help individuals with speech disorders, specifically CAS (Strand, 2020). The focus of this poster reviewed the efficacy of DTTC in enhancing motor speech skills and intelligibility in children with CAS.

In the realm of speech-language pathology, classroom-based intervention can be described as a speech-language pathologist (SLP) incorporating services within a student’s classroom (Blosser & Means, 2020). Classroom-based services may be facilitated in a multitude of ways and may require different levels of collaboration between the SLP and other staff (general-education teachers, special-education teachers, paraprofessionals, etc.). Recently, SLPs within the educational settings have received encouragement from the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA) to utilize interprofessional practices and more classroom-based intervention approaches in comparison to the traditional intervention approach, commonly called, “pull-out services” (ASHA, 2023). This review of literature focuses on the current laws and ASHA recommendations, comparison of the delivery models, implementation and perceptions on classroom-based intervention, the effects of the differing service delivery models, benefits of classroom-based interventions, and challenges of classroom-based interventions to determine the overall efficacy of SLP classroom-based interventions within school settings.

We will be presenting the MN SHAPE on the implementation of skill-based health education as future professionals. We will share the FUSED method of teaching a skill in health education. We will introduce key instructional cues and explain how to model these skill cues through practice and feedback

With social media’s presence growing beyond personal use, it is clear that professional fields are affected by social media as well. This study examined how social media is influencing clinical practice trends and evidence-based decision-making in speech-language pathology (SLP). Our research consisted of a mixed-methods procedure including a survey to assess social media’s impact on SLP practices in the tri-state area (Minnesota, North Dakota, and South Dakota), as well as a focus group to provide in-depth insight into social media’s influences on clinical practice trends and evidence-based practices. 

Breastfeeding is a complex process that requires specialized support, particularly for infants facing feeding and swallowing challenges. Speech-language pathologists (SLPs) and International Board-Certified Lactation Consultants (IBCLCs) each bring essential expertise to breastfeeding intervention, yet gaps in care exist when they work independently. While IBCLCs specialize in lactation management, SLPs have extensive knowledge of oral anatomy and swallowing function. Collaboration between these professionals enhances outcomes for breastfeeding families, especially in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs), where infants are more likely to experience feeding difficulties. This presentation explores the benefits of integrating speech-language pathology into lactation consultation, highlighting how interdisciplinary collaboration improves breastfeeding success, supports maternal-infant health, and addresses common barriers to continued breastfeeding. Strengthening this partnership ensures more comprehensive, evidence-based care for breastfeeding families.

Bees play a crucial role in ecosystems as pollinators, supporting biodiversity and agriculture. Their nesting habits, social structures, and foraging behaviors vary widely, influencing their adaptability to different environments. Understanding these characteristics is essential for conservation efforts, particularly in the face of habitat loss and climate change. Prior studies have explored bee diversity and distribution, but comprehensive data on species-specific traits across regions remain limited.

     This project is based on data constructed by Diller et al. (2019), which presents information on 3,925 bee species in the United States. The database compiles morphological and ecological characteristics from entomological surveys and state biodiversity records. Our research examines regional differences in nesting sites, colony structures, and foraging behaviors, analyzing how these traits vary across states. The findings contribute to a broader understanding of bee ecology and can inform conservation strategies to protect pollinators and biodiversity.

Induced medical abortion is a common gynecological procedure. Despite its frequency, abortion remains a topic of substantial controversy, with most women who have received abortions reporting stigma from multiple sources (Cockrill et al. 2023). Access to abortion services remains an issue in U.S. politics. This is illustrated by the 2022 Dobbs decision where medical abortion was deemed constitutionally unprotected and therefore brought to the states (Center for Reproductive Rights, 2022).

Study 1 collected data from undergraduate psychology students. Students were presented with one of two randomly assigned vignettes, which contained a story about a woman who recently became pregnant and decided to seek an abortion. In one vignette, the woman is 5 weeks gestation; in the other, she is 16 weeks. Students then completed the Stereotype Content Model (Fiske et al., 2002) to measure competence and warmth. Researchers also included scales assessing opinions on abortion availability and morality.

Study 2 also collected data from undergraduate psychology students. Participants were presented with one of three randomly assigned vignettes describing a woman who recently became pregnant. The vignette concludes with either a medication abortion, surgical abortion, or abortion denial. Then, participants completed an adapted Relational Compassion Scale and the Stereotype Content Model.

In study 1, a one-way ANOVA found that ratings of warmth were not significantly lower in the 16-week gestation condition compared to 5-weeks (F(1, 90) = [.150], p = .70). In study 2, a one-way ANOVA found that ratings of warmth were not significantly lower based on abortion method between any of the three conditions (F(2, 130) = [.385], p = .681). Additionally, ratings of compassion were not significantly different based on abortion method condition (F(2, 131) = [.537], p = .586).

The results of study 1 and 2 indicate that lay people do not hold stigmatizing attitudes based on abortion timing or method. However, politicians continue to propose bills that do differentiate between earlier vs. later abortions and abortion methods (medication vs. surgical). These results suggest that the general public does not differentiate between these factors when considering abortions, leading the researchers to question why politicians continue to do so.

 
Cost Rica’s marine ecosystems are a testament to the country’s incredible biodiversity, drawing researchers and explorers all eager to witness natural wonders it has. We ventured through multiple costal environments, we encounter the San Miguel Lagoon, the tide pools of Cabo Blanco, and the Gulf of Nicoya. By exploring and comparing Costa Rica’s diverse marine ecosystems we gained a deeper understanding of the intricate connections that sustain ocean life. Each of which reveals different adaptations, species interactions, and ecological roles. Observing these ecosystems side by side allowed us to see how marine life thrives under varying conditions. These comparisons highlight the delicate balance within nature and the importance of protecting these habitats for future generations to appreciate.  

Social communication deficits can significantly impact an individual’s ability to form relationships and navigate daily interactions. Group therapy is a widely used intervention designed to enhance social skills through structured activities, peer interaction, and guided practice. This paper explores the efficacy of group therapy in improving social communication by examining current research, theoretical foundations, and clinical applications. Key factors influencing its effectiveness, as well as challenges in implementation and generalization, are discussed. Understanding the impact of group therapy on social skill development is essential for refining evidence-based interventions and optimizing outcomes for individuals with social communication challenges.

Relationships with faculty can play an essential role in shaping academic success and personal growth of students in higher education. This study explores the significant impact of faculty-student relationships, highlighting how meaningful mentorship promotes academic success, high retention rates and encourages student involvement. The findings reveal that mentorship is not just an academic support mechanism. 

   Play serves as a fundamental context for the development of social communication skills in young children. For preschoolers with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), challenges in play, particularly symbolic play, are closely linked to difficulties in social communication, which are essential for language development, adaptive functioning, and academic success. This poster presentation explores the role of play in social communication development, highlighting differences between typically developing children and those with ASD. It also reviews three interventions—Advancing Social-Communication and Play (ASAP), Stay Play Talk, and video modeling—that incorporate peer involvement to support social communication growth.

Childhood Apraxia of Speech (CAS) is a neurological speech sound disorder characterized by deficits in motor planning and programming, leading to inconsistent speech errors, impaired co-articulatory transitions, and inappropriate prosody (Fish & Skinder-Meredith et al., 2023). Effective intervention is crucial, particularly for children who do not respond to traditional articulation and phonological approaches. Motor programming therapies, such as Dynamic Temporal and Tactile Cueing (DTTC) and the Nuffield Dyspraxia Program (NDP3), are widely recognized as evidence-based treatments for CAS.

This literature review presents a comparative analysis of DTTC and NDP3, examining their theoretical foundations, treatment methodologies, and clinical outcomes. The findings may offer valuable insights for clinicians in selecting appropriate therapy approaches tailored to individual patient needs.

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a developmental disorder that affects individuals in various ways, including challenges with social interactions and communication. Anxiety, a common experience that impacts many people across different areas of life, often intersects with ASD. Studies have highlighted that the neurological differences observed in both individuals with ASD and those with anxiety are strikingly similar. For instance, reduced gray matter volume (GMV) in the amygdala has been identified in MRI scans of both groups. Studies have shown that people with ASD tend to experience higher levels of anxiety compared to neurotypical individuals, making it essential to provide tailored support. This research identified that effective interventions include anticipatory strategies; such as picture schedules and video modeling. These strategies support by setting clear expectations before an experience, thereby reducing anxiety and promoting a sense of control. 

Entering college is a major life-changing milestone for many students that may introduce new stressors that have not been experienced before, causing mental or psychological turmoil. In place to combat this are various counseling services free for college students. Minnesota State University Moorhead offers a wide variety of student services, including in-person appointments or free memberships with mobile apps that can offer personalized care based on the student's needs or struggles. Although college campuses provide students with these services, there are low usage levels observed in previous research. To explore a potential reason college students do not utilize these services, this study aims to discover if the home environment, more specifically, the parenting style the student experienced growing up impacts their attitudes and beliefs regarding seeking help. To determine any correlations, a two-by-two factorial design will measure the likelihood of using counseling services based on the student's grade level (underclassmen or upperclassmen) and the parenting style (authoritative or authoritarian) that was experienced growing up. Following this, participants will be asked to complete a 22-item survey following a Likert Scale inspired by an Adult-Based Model of Help-Seeking. It is expected that participants who experienced authoritarian parenting styles will be significantly less inclined to seek counseling services compared to those who experienced authoritative parenting styles. Out of both grade level groups, underclassmen who experienced authoritarian parenting styles will be the least likely to seek help compared to every other group, and upperclassmen will be significantly more willing to seek help regardless of the parenting style experienced.  

<p>Emma Cullett and Maggie Sullivan were students in GID 458 Interactive Media Studio. During their fall semester of 2024, they each created an interactive website and app to help users with specific tasks. Maggie developed an app and website based on a car rental application, called Swift. Swift provides a personable and engaging way to find the rental car that you are searching for, with reasonable and transparent pricing. Emma developed an app called Cryptid Quest, which encourages users to travel while learning about the cryptic lore of each state. The Cryptid Quest website was created to help promote the app and gain an audience. Projects in GID458 were built using prototyping and web-building software.&nbsp;</p>

   From the moment we are born, our family is influencing our lives. Whether it’s from the clothes we wear, the school we go to, or even the career we choose to pursue, the whole trajectory of someone’s life can be influenced by their family. The purpose of this study is to investigate any correlations between one’s family structure and behavior to their own behavior. By better understanding this concept, we may be able to conduct further research to prevent negative behaviors and reinforce positive behaviors in children, which can influence someone’s life for the better. 
The sample for this dataset was first graders and their family members from elementary schools in Phoenix and San Antonio. Mostly, the population consists of first graders from low-income, Latino households. 3,084 first graders were surveyed in addition to their family. Over 200 teachers were also surveyed. 
A cross-sectional survey was used from the 2007/2008 school year until 2015. It was distributed through the mail, given through telephone interviews, and used physically in schools with pencil and paper and written questionnaires. The schools used in this study were picked depending on their positive background with FAST and other social service agencies. 
The findings of this research either had no correlating variables or slightly correlating variables, leading to no major, new findings. If anything, this study shows that more studies need to be conducted to enlighten us in the “murky areas.” With larger sample populations, more conclusive results may be given.  

We will be presenting information about how Alligators change their preferences in mating and laying their eggs according to changes in the climate. We'll see how they breifly care for their offspring and possibly how the climate may influence the sexual outcome of offspring. 

The focus is on the influence of climate and how it's effects and changes influence alligators reproductive behaviors and processes.

Fusulinids, within the order Foraminifera, are single celled organisms that exist in the fossil

record from late in the early Carboniferous all the way to the Permian extinction 252 million

years ago. The rapid evolution of these small fossils in the fossil record has proven useful for

studying past environments and biostratigraphy.

The samples of fusulinid fossils were collected from the Broom Creek and Amsden Formations in the subsurface of the Williston Basin in west-central North Dakota. Samples were collected from a depth of over 6000 ft. It is important to examine formations in this area because of its untapped potential for carbon storage. Thispotential is thought to be significant due to porosity and permeability of aeolian and nearshore sand facies and other interbedded facies functioning as seals that occur in the middle and

upper parts of the formation. The fusulinid fossils that are abundant in the upper part of the Broom Creek could provide valuable information about age and past environment, hence giving a better understanding of the area and its suitability for future carbon storage plans.

Classroom teachers are often required to teach advisory courses that include career counseling and social emotional learning components. While the study is focused on collecting information from working adults, the results of this study could provide information for teachers who are taking on coaching, advising, and counseling roles at any educational level. The purpose of this positivist cross-sectional correlational research was to explore the relationships between the Big Five Aspects of personality and career interest in working individuals in Redwood County, Minnesota. A total of 88 quantitative items are included in the anonymous Personality and Career Interest Questionnaire, which was developed by the researcher, with an additional 4 qualitative (i.e., open-ended) items. The questionnaire was field tested and updated according to the recommendations provided by the reviewers before it was distributed to various businesses, organizations, and community members via email. Partial correlations were found between the Big Five Aspects of personality and Holland’s Codes of career interest. Partial correlations were also found between two Big Five Aspects of personality and job satisfaction. Partial correlations were found between the Big Five Aspects of personality and career fit. This exploratory study allows researchers to put forth recommendations for the improvement of career coaching, advising, and counseling.

Polar bears live in the arctic in extremely cold polar conditions. Climate change has significantly impacted these artic ecosystems. As ice diminishes due to rising temperatures, polar bears face challenges in hunting, migration, and reproduction. Lack of ice coverage forces polar bears to travel longer distances to find food, often resulting in malnutrition, decreased reproductive success, and increased mortality rates. They must adapt behaviorally like altering their hunting techniques and increase their terrestrial movements. These adaptions have been observed but these changes often cost the bears long term fitness and energy conservation. In addition, the polar bears loss of habitat has forced them closer to human settlements raising the chance of interaction between the predators and humans. This project displays current research on how climate-induced environmental shifts are affecting polar bear behavior, highlighting the urgency for effective conservation strategies to mitigate the impact of climate change on this vulnerable species.

With a decline in mental health and an increase in problematic behavior, it is becoming more difficult for students to learn and obtain an appropriate education. This study examined the effectiveness of using Coping Power intervention to reduce problematic behaviors of a 4th-grade male student. The student met individually twice per week for 30 minutes with the school psychology practicum student to go over a lesson outlined in the manual. The student completed weekly direct behavior ratings (DBR) regarding their level of disruptive behavior and perseverance. The teacher also used a DBR to rate the student weekly on the student’s level of disruptive behaviors. After implementing the intervention for six weeks the data did not show a steady improvement, but it was observed the student’s overall physical aggression outside the classroom has lessened.  

Nearly all higher education institutions in America utilize Student Evaluations of Teaching (SET) as a tool to determine course quality, effectiveness, and weaknesses. Though SETs integration is expected, factors are being evaluated that are outside of faculty control (e.g. gender, appearance, ethnicity) bringing into question their reliability and validity (Cho et al., 2018; Kogan et al., 2010). SET tools need to be reviewed to ensure student feedback addresses modifiable factors (e.g. course activities, teaching methods) and ensuring learning objectives of the course were met. SETs also have weight on faculty tenure and promotion in higher education. Utilization of SETs for tenure and promotion could decrease retention of marginalized groups. Black faculty and non-native English speakers were more likely to receive lower student rating than another race or native English speakers (Smith, 2007; Alauddin & Kifle, 2014). Since there is scarce literature on the role SETs have on faculty retention this study aimed to address faculty a) utilization of the SET tool b) use for tenure and promotion c) estimated retention of faculty related to SET feedback. The purpose of the study was to increase understanding of the role SETs might have in nursing faculty retention. While there was a weak correlation suggesting SET feedback may make nursing faculty more likely to leave teaching, the practical implications are valuable. Nursing faculty estimated retention was 74.7 percent while estimated retention of faculty from other fields of study was 92.9 percent. This is significant given the current shortage of nursing faculty in America. 

References

Alauddin, M., & Kifle, T. (2014). Does the student evaluation of teaching instrument really measure instructors’ teaching effectiveness? An econometric analysis of students’ perceptions in economics courses. Economic Analysis and Policy, 44(2), 156–168. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eap.2014.05.009 

Cho, J. I., Hamash, K., Otani, K., Reimer, N., & Deng, Y. (2018). Influential Factors of Student Evaluations of Teaching in a Nursing Program. Teaching and Learning in Nursing, 13(2), 86–94. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.teln.2018.01.002 

Kogan, L. R., Schoenfeld-Tacher, R., & Hellyer, P. W. (2010). Student evaluations of teaching: perceptions of faculty based on gender, position, and rank. Teaching in Higher Education, 15(6), 623–636. https://doi.org/10.1080/13562517.2010.491911

Smith, B. P. (2007). Student Ratings of Teaching Effectiveness: An Analysis of End-of-Course Faculty Evaluations. College Student Journal, 41(4), 788–800. https://web-s-ebscohost-com.trmproxy.mnpals.net/ehost/detail/detail?vid=0&sid=983186b6-c6ba-4028-aaec-eaadf294f9aa%40redis&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZQ%3d%3d#AN=28351175&db=aph

This study explores the concept of adaptation and transition which follows the transition of two higher education faculty members who both took teaching positions at their respective alma maters in which they first receive their initial degrees. Self-study, also known as autoethnography, was the chosen methodology for this study which allows the author dual perspectives as the subject and the researcher. As a result, Institutional Review Board approval was not required because the subject is self and study documentation is self-generated. Over the course of the first six months of employment at their alma maters, the two faculty members journaled about their transition, took pictures of images that they perceived to represent their transition, and participated in discussions with a critical peer about their transition. By triangulating journal entries, visual artifacts, and interview transcriptions the researchers developed themes which describe their transition to their alma maters. Unique to the coding process, a generative artificial intelligence (AI) chatbot, Microsoft Copilot, was used to conduct the initial coding of all three sources of data. Member checking and traditional coding will be conducted to support or refute the AI generated initial coding.

Student evaluations of teaching (SET) are widely used in United States higher education to assess course effectiveness and teaching quality, and to inform on course improvements. However, their reliability and validity are questions due to factors like class size, faculty appearance, ethnicity, and gender influencing evaluation scoring. SETs also impact faculty tenure and promotion, raising concerns about biases against marginalized group faculty. Literature gaps exist in understanding nursing faculty perceptions of SET feedback, their effects on faculty morale and retention, and the potential impact of student and faculty diversity on SET results. This ongoing qualitative research aims to address these gaps.

Human anatomy is one of the main groundwork pieces for pre-medical and nursing students. This course opens the eyes to students on how the body is structured and the function that follows. Minnesota State University Moorhead (MSUM) has a cadaver lab that can be used for both pre-medical and nursing students. Pre-nursing students learn through anatomy models and the cadavers. Our study is on the pre-nursing students that are enrolled in the Human Anatomy and Physiology course at MSUM. Our goal is to see if there is a difference in learning through cadavers rather than just models. We used a various number of surveys that asked different knowledge on anatomy. The survey was asked before and after seeing the cadavers for one group, and another group was asked the same questions with seeing only models. Our study will help show what learning model is more beneficial for students looking to go into the medical field. 

Physician assisted suicides are commonly used on patients that have been ill for a long while. Physician assisted suicide is where the physician will help aid in a suicide by providing drug administration to the patient at their will. For this project, we will be looking at a study done by Gamondi, et al. (2018) which surveyed health care professionals in Geneva, Switzerland. The survery consisted of different questions regarding the opinion of physican assisted suicides. Our study will use the data from Gamondi, et al. (2018) to explore the relationship between health care professionals and physician assisted deaths. Our study will help show the thoughts on physician assisted suicides now and if they are beneficial for patients who are terminally ill.

Tip-of-the-tongue states (TOTs) are states of imminent recall where related information can be recalled, but the target word cannot. While TOTs have been studied previously, only one publication has investigated groups. We aim to verify the findings of Rousseau and Kashur (2021), hypothesizing that TOT frequency increases as group size increases. We also believe that positive nonverbal behaviors will modify the strength of this relationship per the warm-glow heuristic, stating that positively regarded stimuli are perceived as more familiar (Cleary, 2019). This study will recruit 120 adults divided randomly into groups of one to three. Participants will complete informed consent and demographics forms before answering 30 general knowledge questions. They will then indicate whether they know the answer, do not know the answer, or are experiencing a TOT. Nonverbal behaviors, such as facial expressions, hand gestures, and eye movements, will be video recorded during this time and categorized into positive, negative, or neutral categories. 

Mindfulness meditation and training have recently been recognized as a way of learning to control one’s attention and be present in the moment, without judgment (Norris et al 2018). Recent research has demonstrated that mindfulness training can lead to positive benefits in daily life and mental health (Yakobi et al 2021; Deng et al 2019). Although the benefits seem plentiful, the underlying physiological mechanisms of mindfulness have not yet been identified. A recent study (Atchley et al 2016) has demonstrated successful paradigms for eliciting mindfulness differences between participants when attending to auditory stimuli. 

 The purpose of this study is to establish a physiological measure of mindfulness based on the P300 Event-Related-Potential (ERP) in the visual domain and to build on prior research by tracking these changes longitudinally and build a prediction model. This study employs an XO oddball paradigm to gauge the effect of a novel stimulus on the P3 ERP in relation to an individual’s level of mindfulness. For the oddball stimulus, the novel “O” stimuli appear less frequently (20%) than the common “X” stimulus (80%). Our previous condition had participants count their breaths while watching the XO oddball stimuli. It was hypothesized that the participant's P3 amplitude for the novel stimuli would not be significantly different from the P3 amplitudes of the common stimuli. The results of this condition found an insignificant difference in the P3 ERP amplitude when comparing the common (M = 0.034, SD = 0.027) and odd stimuli (M = 0.082, SD = .074); t(10) = -1.951, p = .0796. This trend indicates that the breathing technique had lowered the participant’s P3 response to novel stimuli, thereby allowing them to better ignore distractor stimuli.  

The current study recruited participants from a healthcare-related nursing senior-capstone class to compare changes in the P3 ERP waveform component as they perform oddball or meditative breath counting tasks before and after a 6-week asynchronous mindfulness training course. It is predicted that the P3 amplitudes elicited by the novel stimuli will decrease as a function of training. The findings from this study could lay the foundation for a visual measure of mindfulness, which has implications for future clinical and therapeutic benefits for healthcare workers such as nurses in high-burnout fields as well as the general public.  

In today’s digital landscape, cybersecurity threats are evolving rapidly, making employee awareness a crucial component of an organization's defense strategy. This report explores the role of cybersecurity awareness training in mitigating risks such as phishing attacks, data breaches, and social engineering tactics. By analyzing real-world case studies and industry best practices, the research highlights how structured training programs can significantly reduce security incidents. The study also examines key cybersecurity frameworks, including those from the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), and discusses the technical and behavioral aspects of training employees to recognize and respond to cyber threats effectively. The findings underscore the necessity of integrating cybersecurity awareness into organizational policies to create a culture of proactive security. This research aims to provide valuable insights for IT professionals, business leaders, and policymakers seeking to enhance their organization's cybersecurity posture through education and strategic training initiatives.

The potential of the Broom Creek and Amsden Formations have yet to be fully understood. Previous analysis and models show high porosity and permeability in the aeolian and nearshore facies that commonly occur within the middle and upper parts of the formation (which currently function as a saline aquifer). The DOE, local and state agencies sponsored Project CarbonSAFE initiated by the EERC. Alongside the high porosity and permeability of the Broom Creek, the overlying siltstone and underlying anhydrite act as seals.  Summit Carbon Solutions has obtained permits for pipelines in Minnesota and North Dakota, so the project will be more rapidly moving towards completion. Lacking data, since the formation hasn’t been exploited for hydrocarbons, the EERC oversaw the coring of Broom Creek. Analysis of four cores and a section of 3D Seismic modeling of the potential storage area will provide information to generate a stratigraphic and sedimentological model to better assess the carbon storage potential of Broom Creek.

Dramatic play is one of the biggest aspects of a child’s life, and is not often seen as academic, however, it has been proven that children learn a wide variety of skills through play. One of the founding theorists that acknowledged the true value of play was Vygotsky. Through his theory, it is said that dramatic play is a crucial aspect of early childhood development,  and it fosters creativity, while also building social skills and cognitive growth. Through role playing children can explore emotions and problem-solving skills. This type of unstructured play encourages collaboration and helps children grow social relationships while building self-expression. Dramatic play can also support academic learning by reinforcing skills like literacy, math, and science through hands-on experiences. 

KEYWORDS: Play, Unstructured, Vygotsky’s Theory, Social Development, Cognitive Growth.

Money Matters: Mastering Your Budget 

         Most college kids feel like they are struggling financially, which affects many students in different ways. So, what can be done about this stressful time in life? To master your budget there are important steps that can be taken to better understand your financial needs. These steps include understanding income and expenses, setting financial goals, creating a budget, tracking and adjusting your budget, saving, and staying consistent. To further understand our topic, we asked ourselves “What is the impact of financial stress caused by a lack of budgeting, compared to the financial stability experienced by college students who manage their budget?”. In completing our study on budgeting, we will utilize resources such as a budgeting planner, a budget app, previous studies used, and self-evaluations. In our research study we have discovered that college students who budget overall have reduced stress. As a group, our recommendation is to make use of the resources we discussed to minimize your financial stress.  

This presentation will explore the relationship between nutrition and mental health. The goal of this research is to relate to college students about nutritious foods they can eat that can fuel their body and help them stay motivated throughout a stressful and busy college schedule. The motivation for this project is based on the real-life experiences of MSUM nursing students, highlighting how food choices affect their ability to cope with college stress. Our research will showcase how saturated fats, refined sugars and ultra-processed foods affect brain function, emotional regulation, and how the body responds. In comparison, it will also explore how adding in gut-healthy and whole foods positively impacts our daily lives. Attendees will gain valuable insight into managing their mood through healthier dietary choices while also providing resources to track their progress. By understanding the powerful connection between food and mood, individuals are able to make informed choices that enhance their physical and emotional health. 

Foraging ecology is a sub-branch of behavioral ecology that investigates how organisms find food and other resources. There are two types of foraging strategies: solitary foraging and group foraging. Animals that participate in solitary foraging search for resources by themselves, while those that participate in group foraging have several of the same species looking for resources. La Selva, Costa Rica is a lowland tropical wet rainforest that is rich in biodiversity and Monteverde, Costa Rica is a cloud forest located 1,330 m in elevation, also rich in biodiversity. While there are many animals that participate in foraging in La Selva and Monteverde, we chose those that we observed in the specific regions we visited. In La Selva, these species were Leaf-cutter ants and the Scarlet-rumped Tanager; in Monteverde the White-nose Coati and the Northern Emerald Toucanette. The Leaf-cutter ants and White-nose Coati are group foragers, while the Scarlet-rumped Tanager and the Northern Emerald Toucanette are solitary foragers. This study will compare the two foraging styles amongst different species.

Elevational gradients serve as natural laboratories for examining species distributions and responses to environmental variability, yet understanding seasonal elevational movements, particularly in tropical bird species, remains incomplete. This study proposes to leverage eBird data to determine whether elevational migrant bird species can be identified through community science datasets. We will focus on two species of manakins in Costa Rica: Corapipo altera, an elevational migrant, and Manacus candei, a sedentary resident. Using data from eBird, we will estimate the abundance of both species across an elevational gradient during two distinct seasons. Preliminary map data generated from R show the distribution of M. candei as clustered in the north-eastern area of Costa Rica and C. altera having a wider distribution across central and south-western Costa Rica. Further analyses will be conducted in R using the auk package to model abundance as a function of elevation and season. We predict a significant seasonal effect on the abundance of the migratory species, with no such effect for the sedentary species. This study highlights the potential of community science data to uncover patterns in avian elevational migration, providing insights into the movement ecology of bird species in montane regions.
 

Orca (Orcinus orca) attacks on boats can be seen as a form of play behavior, territoriality, or even a response to stress or perceived threat. Orcas are highly intelligent, and some researchers believe these behaviors might be linked to curiosity, social bonding within groups, or reacting to disturbances in their environment. In other cases, it could reflect a learned behavior or a display of dominance. While these interactions are rare, they suggest a complex understanding of their surroundings and an ability to adapt behaviorally to human presence.

Desert pupfish have been isolated from large predators for a long time. When a new predator is introduced to where pupfish live, can the pupfish learn to associate that predator with a specific habitat? If the pupfish can associate danger with either structure or open water, then it's likely they can adapt to new dangers in their environment. If they cannot learn to associate predators with specific environments and thus adapt to new dangers, they risk extinction. Being able to determine whether fish can associate risk levels with unique habitats will help determine whether isolated fish can recover from large predators that are introduced to their environment.  

Mangroves and manatees are both endangered due to human activities and environmental changes, and their survival is intricately linked. Mangrove forests, which provide critical coastal protection and serve as nurseries for various marine species, are being destroyed by deforestation, coastal development, and climate change. Similarly, manatees, gentle marine mammals that rely on warm, shallow waters, are facing habitat loss, boat collisions, and declining water quality. Mangroves are vital for manatees as they offer shelter, food sources, and protection from predators and harsh weather. The degradation of mangroves leads to reduced seagrass beds and water pollution, directly impacting manatee populations. Conservation efforts aimed at restoring mangrove ecosystems and protecting manatees through marine sanctuaries and pollution control are essential for maintaining the delicate balance between these two species. Understanding their interdependence highlights the urgency of integrated conservation strategies to safeguard both mangroves and manatees from extinction. 

This research will explore the relationship between nostalgia and its effects on stress and mood. Nostalgia may cause a greater decrease in subjective and/or acute stress and a more positive mood. In this experiment, 60 participants from Generation Z will be recruited from Minnesota State University Moorhead. Participants will complete either a neutral or acute stressor writing task, then be assigned to view either a neutral or nostalgic video clip. They will also complete a variety of self-report measures on stress, nostalgia, and affect. The researcher predicts that Generation Z participants will feel more nostalgic, have a greater decrease in subjective and/or acute stress, and will report less negative mood and more positive mood after viewing a nostalgic media video. This research is expected to support and expand findings regarding how Generation Z may use its positive effects of nostalgia as a way to reduce stress and increase psychological well-being.

Defense mechanisms in Branta canadensis, also known as Canadian geese. Topic of interest due to the aggressive behavior of Branta canadensis to humans. These defense mechanisms in Branta canadensis include but are not limited to physical defense, behavioral defense, social defense, and parental defense, all of which help these geese survive in their habitat. All these listed behaviors are results of these birds being frightened in their own habitat, seemingly coming after you, but in reality they are just protecting themselves and their youth

As subscription services are getting ever more prominent and expensive. A homelab is a way to get away from the high cost and bring compute on premises. By leveraging personal hardware and open-source solutions, users can host their own cloud services, media streaming, file storage, and automation tools without relying on costly third-party providers. Applications such as Home Assistant for home automation and monitoring, Pi-hole for privacy and ad-blocking, Jellyfin for media streaming, and more. These applications can be run on consumer grade hardware, including single board computers like the Raspberry Pi.

Homelabs also serve as a great learning area for IT professionals and developers. It gives them a place to test and work on networking and virtualization through virtual machines and docker. It also provides a test bed for security testing without compromising a production environment. It is a great piece for a resume and talking points in an interview, especially for new grads with little experience.

During instances of predator-prey conflicts in livestock populations, depredation is focused in two ways: location of recurring conflict and widespread problem population removal. Data from Young et. al (2023) presents an opportunity to use DNA from saliva to identify predators that create predator-prey conflicts in livestock populations. In the study, the coyotes were fed deer meat and then over the course of the next 2-72 hours, five saliva swabs were taken at five predetermined intervals. The swabs were then tested using two methods, Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction (qPCR) and Microsatellites, with qPCR proving to be the most effective. This new method of identification can be then used to more efficiently and effectively remove the root of the problem rather than using a more general and blanket approach. In this project, we will look into the longevity of DNA, assessing time intervals and the presence of DNA in the taken samples.

Predation is a powerful natural force of selection on prey species' anti-predator behavior. In water systems, prey fish like the zebrafish (Danio rerio) release chemical alarm cues when injured that serve as a warning to conspecifics of danger. This study would be looking at the effect of the mode of predation on the amount of chemical alarm cues released by zebrafish. Different controls of the experiment such as a positive control (maceration treatment), a negative control (blank treatment), and three other experimental treatments representing different modes of predation (Suction feeding, Impale and Grasp) are used. We expect a positive behavior for suction feeding and blank treatment and a negative behavior for the remainder of the other treatments. Our results will not only show us the mechanism of chemical communication between zebrafish, but it would also provide useful information on the adaptive behaviors of prey species under environmental pressures.

About one in ten babies are born prematurely in the United States as of 2022 (CDC, 2024). This review of the literature revealed that researchers have adequately supported the conclusion that language development is frequently affected in this population of children. Despite the relatively high incidence of pre-term birth and its associated effects on language development, research regarding the causation of these language impairments and effective treatment strategies remains as an emerging topic of study. Additionally, there are coexisting factors related to this population that professionals should consider when providing services. 

The Red River Valley is nationally recognized for exceptional water quality. It is important to stay vigilant and protect local natural resources, like water, as world-wide pollution concerns grow. One group of chemicals that has been a growing concern throughout the world are per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) also known as forever chemicals. PFAS are commonly used in consumer and commercial products, including: oil- and water-resistant fabrics, firefighting foam, and non-stick materials. As the presence of PFAS continues to become a concern in water quality, our research unit decided to test 12 various locations from different water sources (tap water, surface water, and well water) in our community. We sampled the water using PFAS detection kits from Cyclopure (a PFAS testing lab) purchased with a student research grant used in the collection/sampling. The goal of this research is the detection and quantization of polyfluoroalkyl derivatives within local water supplies.  Keeping an eye out for the pending results of where PFAS was detected and found in high concentrations will give context as to how PFAS contamination could be affecting the area.

A multitude of ceramic sherds were unearthed by a landowner on the margins of a lake in Otter Tail County, MN. MSUM Students helped document the site, later known as 21-OT-242, or the Crave Site. The collected sherds spanned the Initial Woodland period (beginning 200 BCE) through the Late Precontact period (1100-1600 CE). Basic measurements and analysis of these sherds began in September 2024 and were completed in March 2025. These measurements included average wall thickness, cord spacing, cord width, and cord twist type. Two groups were being measured: sherds that could be reliably orientated as horizontal, Group 1, and sherds that could not, Group 2. Using the rims from Group 1, an acceptable range was created using the standard deviation of the population. This range was then applied to the body sherds of Group 1 and the whole of Group 2. This poster presents an overview of the measurement process and the evaluation of the two groups.

While we all know of the worst cults in the world, we never think we could be involved in such a scandal. But what if you were and you didn’t know it? This presentation explores the hidden economic impact of cults on communities and the ways in which we are unknowingly influenced and manipulated for financial gain. We aim to educate individuals on the financial manipulation they are not aware of, and how to avoid it. What cults do you blindly support?

According to the Federal Reserve, the top decile of U.S. households possesses over 70% of total wealth while the bottom half of U.S. households claims approximately 2% of total wealth. This stark disparity highlights the growing concentration of wealth among a small segment of the population, raising concerns about economic mobility and long-term financial stability. Using publicly available data, this research employs regression analysis to examine the relationship between wealth inequality, measured by the Gini coefficient, and independent variables such as education level, race, access to credit, inheritance, and tax policy. Unlike prior studies that focus on the relationship between income and wealth inequality, this research analyzes wealth disparities through the lens of intergenerational transfers and financial asset accessibility. Policymakers and economists can utilize the findings to design comprehensive interventions that reduce economic disparities.

This project introduces Guess Number, a web-based adaptation of the classic Bulls and Cows game, featuring AI-driven opponents and real-time multiplayer functionality. Players can challenge an AI with three difficulty levels—easy, medium, and hard—or connect with friends using a unique connection code for seamless matchmaking. The game is built using React for the front-end, Node.js for the backend, and WebSockets for real-time communication, ensuring an interactive and scalable user experience. The project integrates key concepts from artificial intelligence, software engineering, and network communication, making it a comprehensive application of modern computer science principles.

As digital media consumption has risen dramatically in recent decades, concerns have emerged regarding its impact on early language acquisition and communication skills. This poster presentation examines current research on the relationship between screen time and language development in children, highlighting both potential benefits and risks. While interactive, high-quality content may support language learning, excessive screen exposure has been linked to delays in expressive and receptive language skills. Additionally, this poster presentation explores the critical role of Speech-Language Pathologists (SLPs) in guiding families toward responsible media use and integrating evidence-based strategies to foster language development. By integrating recent findings, this poster presentation provides a comprehensive perspective on how screen habits influence children's language growth and how SLPs can support families in promoting balanced media consumption.

Abstract of the Project
This project focuses on developing an AI agent capable of defeating a Dark Souls 3 boss using deep reinforcement learning. The implementation is primarily in Python and integrates game memory extraction, reinforcement learning algorithms, and automated game control.

Key components of the project include:

Game Control and Automation

control_ds3.py: Manages basic game interactions by sending input commands.
control_ds3_ml.py: An advanced version incorporating machine learning-based decision-making.
start_fight.py: Handles initialization and management of the boss fight sequence.
Game Memory Extraction

LUA Scripts: Extract boss and player data from memory using Cheat Engine (gundyr_extractor.LUA, player_extractor.LUA, damage_checker.LUA).
coordinate_converter.py: Transforms raw game data into structured input for the model.
Data Files: Stores extracted numerical game data for training and evaluation.
Reinforcement Learning Model

Trains an AI agent to learn optimal attack and defense strategies against the boss.
Uses memory-extracted data to refine decision-making and reaction times.
This project demonstrates the integration of real-time game data extraction, machine learning-driven automation, and reinforcement learning-based gameplay optimization to create an AI capable of tackling complex in-game challenges.

The world is facing an extreme organ shortage, meaning there are not enough organ donors to meet the demands. Past research has searched for ways to increase donor numbers and reduce the disparity. This experiment will explore which educational video type will encourage more people to change their organ donation attitudes. Participants will complete a survey to gauge organ donation attitudes before receiving the educational intervention. There are two conditions, pathos video or logos video, after watching the video participants will retake the organ donation attitude survey. Results from pre-education and post-education will be compared for changes in positive organ donation attitudes. The results thus far have not been able to conclude that participants in the pathos video condition reported greater positive change in organ donation attitudes compared to the participants in the logos video condition.

Sensory play is a crucial component of early childhood education, particularly in a preschool setting, as it supports cognitive, emotional, social, and motor development. Engaging children in hands-on activities stimulates their five senses, smell, taste, touch, sound, and sight. These developmental milestones and engagement of different senses can be achieved through either specific sensory tables or interactive experiences. While sensory play is often depicted as “messy” or “loud”, a prepared environment with a few house rules is beneficial to the child and enhances the way in which they react to their environment through multiple senses. Sensory activities and tables can be set up indoors, outdoors, through a premade kit, or made with materials throughout a home. 

COVID-19 was a global pandemic that affected various aspects of health and forced many individuals to quarantine themselves for many months, beginning in March of 2020. We believe this lack of connection to the outside world played a big factor in individuals mental health, specifically anxiety and depression. We intended to determine if there was an increase of mental health issues after COVID-19, and if so, what individuals were most impacted by it. The dataset from the 'House Pulse Survey' displays multiple variables that were recorded to understand types of mental health prevalence and among what certain groups. Our exploratory data analysis will compare anxiety and depression, and will look for a correlation between mental health and state, age, race, and gender. We expect to find that young, male individuals between the ages of 18-29 living in the Midwest are more likely to have depression and anxiety. Our results could help future mental health care and awareness by knowing what type of mental health is most common as well as why certain people are affected more than others.

This study explored whether context change and trait creativity lessen the memory blocking effect (MBE). The memory blocking effect occurs when spelling related study words (e.g., KANGAROO) impair word fragment completion (K_NG_O_S) for a similar target (e.g., KINGDOMS) (Smith & Tindell,1997; Leynes et al., 2008). The current study explored a possible interaction between study word (e.g., competing KANGAROO and positive KINGDOMS) and match/mismatch of contexts between study and test presentations. Lower rates of word fragment completion should occur for competing primed fragments compared to unprimed fragments (i.e., MBE).  However, a context x prime type interaction is expected, with lower MBE occurring to competing primes only when context is changed for the test phase. A correlation between memory blocking rates and K-DOCS creativity scores will also be explored. A significant negative correlation would suggest a connection between high trait creativity and lower MBE rates, demonstrating adaptive forgetting of competing information and creativity.  

This lab aimed to determine the inductance of a solenoid using three different methods: direct calculation from coil dimensions, direct measurement using an inductance bridge, and measurement based on the frequency response of the solenoid. The direct calculation from the solenoid's dimensions resulted in an estimated inductance of 190 ± 10 μH. The inductance bridge gave a measured value of 154.7 ± 0.1 μH. Lastly, a frequency response analysis using a plot of tan(?) vs frequency led to an inductance value of 112 ± 2 μH. The significance ratio analysis revealed that the values from the three methods were significantly different, with a significance ratio of 15.1 between the calculated and frequency response values, and 3.49 between the calculated and bridge-measured values. Despite these differences, the experiment successfully demonstrated various techniques for measuring inductance and their implications on understanding the solenoid's properties.

Understanding and predicting neutron population in a nuclear reactor is crucial for ensuring the safe and efficient operation of nuclear power plants. This project focuses on modeling neutron population using the point reactor kinetics equations, which account for both prompt and delayed neutron contributions to the fission chain reaction. With the one-group approximation and assuming a constant reactivity, a simplified first-order separable differential equation is derived to describe the neutron population over time and an analytical solution is obtained, providing insights into nuclear reactor stability. The model's validity is tested against known neutron population data, revealing that while the solution offers a reasonable short-term approximation, it overestimates neutron growth in the long-term. The results show the importance of accurate modeling in reactor physics and highlight the need for further refinements to improve long-term predictions.

We want to give students resources regarding their study techniques and learning styles. Our target audience is MSUM college students. We have learned through our own personal experiences and those of our classmates that not all students learn the same way. By giving each individual the knowledge to know their learning style and the ways they study the best, we can ensure that each student is reaching their maximum potential. We could partner with the tutoring center or individual tutors to help gain knowledge into the resources available for students. To help us with our project, we believe that we should further our knowledge into the different types of learning styles. We understand that there are a few categories including visual, auditory, kinesthetic, and reading/writing. However, we would like to take a deep dive into each specific category. We would then like to research more into different techniques that apply to each area. Some techniques might include watching videos, active recall, flashcards, or quizzing. To help cater to each specific individual, we would like for them to take a learning style quiz. After they have completed the quiz, we can better understand how to serve those specific individuals. This will also allow us to provide them with the proper resources. A  barrier we might encounter is that someone might fit into two or more learning categories. We can then give them multiple techniques for a range of styles and have them determine which techniques were the most beneficial to them. Another barrier we might encounter is that we would not be able to determine if our teachings were successful or easy to follow through with. We could counteract this barrier by sending out a questionnaire after giving the students some time to try the new techniques.  

For centuries, the Indigenous people of the Americas have been pushed from their homes and onto reservations, if they were fortunate enough to get one. Then, reservations were subject to environmental degradation. These lands are subject to federal rule under the Bureau of Indian Affairs. The BIA, an entity built to work with the Indigenous population, was not built to serve the scientific and technological needs of the people. This oversight made it easier for companies to work on tribal lands in states with higher regulation standards.

As climate activism entered the culture of the 1970s, people began to realize we have an impact on our environment and passed legislation to protect it. By the 2010s, we realized that our carbon emissions were impacting the pace of earth’s warming and something needed to be done. In April 2016, the Sacred Stone Camp was established just north of the Standing Rock Sioux reservation to protest and protect the land from the Dakota Access Pipeline. This study investigates climate change, tribal history, and the activism that led to the Dakota Access Pipeline protests, making national headlines and connecting all tribal nations under a common cause, something not seen in American history.

Our research project highlights the relationship between sleep and its effects on college students' academic performance, mental health, and their well-being as a whole. In our study, we focus on how lack of sleep contributes to stress, cognitive impairment, and long-term health problems among college students.

   This problem is rooted from the increasing evidence that many college students experience chronic sleep deprivation due to a high amount of homework or studying, social influence, and poor sleep hygiene. Studies have shown that more than half of college students do not achieve the recommended 7-9 hours of sleep every night, which ultimately leads to negative outcomes including decreased concentration, higher levels of anxiety, and lower academic performance. According to The National Library of Medicine, “Daytime sleepiness, sleep deprivation, and irregular sleep schedules are highly prevalent among college students, as 50% report daytime sleepiness and 70% attain insufficient sleep. The consequences of sleep deprivation and daytime sleepiness are especially problematic to college students and can result in lower grade point averages, increased risk of academic failure, compromised learning, impaired mood, and increased risk of motor vehicle accidents.” (Hershner and Chervin, 2014) Despite the countless amount of research, healthy sleep is often overlooked regarding the wellness of students.

   Our study aims to identify barriers in college populations and their healthy sleep habits, and advocate for strategies to improve students sleep health. Findings have suggested that poor sleep hygiene, excessive screen time, and the normalization of sleep deprivation, has contributed to students' poor academic performance in relation to poor sleep quality. Our research methods highlight disparities in healthy sleep across different student data, targeting low-income students, first-year students, student athletes, students with part-time jobs, or students in high demanding majors, who may face additional challenges due to work or school obligations and financial stress.

   The importance of this research relies heavily in its influence it may have on campus policies and wellness programs. By demonstrating the impact of sleep deprivation, it may advocate for policy changes which may include, mental health support, wellness or relaxation rooms, and sleep education programs. The results, contribute to a better understanding of the relationship between sleep deprivation and how it relates to student health and academic performance, advocating for more interventions to benefit students attending a university. By addressing sleep deprivation as a health priority in college students, it can lead to improved student outcomes, advocating for a healthier and more productive learning environments.