Biol. 341 - Genetics
EXPANDED LAB LECTURE OUTLINE
WITH CHAPTER, FIGURE AND PAGE REFERENCES
Text: Klug and Cummings. 2002. Essentials of Genetics, 4th Ed.
SPRING SEMESTER, 2004 

LAB 1:  INTRODUCTION TO DROSOPHILA I (read lab manual)

Why use Drosophila?

The life cycle of Drosophila

Some anatomical features of adult Drosophila including sex differences

Some common mutants in Drosophila 

LAB 2:  INTRODUCTION TO DROSOPHILA II (read lab manual and see LabPal)

Procedures and safety precautions when working in the lab

General Outline of the Genetics Lab Project

Culturing Drosophila

Anesthetizing Drosophila

Subculturing Drosophila and preparing subculture data sheets

Sexing Drosophila in the pupa 

Crossing Drosophila and preparing cross data sheets

LAB 3:  CHROMOSOMES OF EUKARYOTES (read pp. 16-20; 31)

Introduction

Chromatin

nucleosome

Chromosomes

Relation between DNA, chromatin and chromosomes
(read pp. 355-358 and see figs. 17-11 & 17-12 on pp. 356-357; also see fig. 2-15 on p. 32)

homologous chromosomes (read pp. 19-20 and see fig. 2-4 on p. 19)

unduplicated / duplicated chromosomes

gene locus and allele

chromatid and centromere

autosomes and sex chromosomes

polytene chromosomes (read pp. 353-354 and see figs. 17-8 & 17-9 on p. 354)

LAB 4:  MITOSIS (read pp. 20-25 and see figs. 2-5 to 2-9 on pp. 21- 25)

Introduction

Stages:

Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase

LAB 5:  MEIOSIS (read pp. 25-31; see figs. 2-10 to 2-13 on pp. 26-30)

Introduction

Meiosis I

Prophase I
Metaphase I
Anaphase I
Telophase I

Meiosis II

Prophase II
Metaphase II
Anaphase II
Telophase II

Variation through crossing over and independent assortment

LAB 6:  SEX CHROMOSOMES AND SEX DETERMINATION (Chap 5)

Sex Chromosomes ( X, Y, Z, W ) (read pp. 87-88 and see fig. 5-4 on p. 87)

homogametic sex ( X / X ; Z / Z )

heterogametic sex ( X / Y ; Z / W )

Sex Determination

Genic Balance System in Drosophila (read pp. 95-97 and see fig. 5-11 on p. 96)

Sex Determination in Humans (read pp. 88-92 and see figs. 5-5 to 5-7 on pp. 89-91)

Turner Syndrome

Klinefelter Syndrome

Other sex chromosome aneuploids

SRY gene

Dosage compensation, X - inactivation, Barr bodies, the Lyon hypothesis (read pp. 92-95 and see figs. 5-8 to 5-10 on pp. 93-94)

LAB 7:  INTRODUCTION TO STATISTICS (see pp. 47-50 and see
                Table 3.1 and fig. 3-11 on p. 49)

Probability 

Chi-Square Test

LAB 8:  LINKAGE AND CROSSING OVER (Chap. 8)

Bateson and Punnett Experiment demonstrating non-independent assortment

Example of Linkage in Drosophila (glass eye & ebony)

LAB 9:  RECOMBINATION AND GENE MAPPING (Chap. 8 - continued)

Three-Point Mapping in Drosophila (yellow, echinus & cut wing)
(use procedure described in class)

LAB 10:  CHANGES IN CHROMOSOME STRUCTURE  (see Chap. 7)

Terms:  centromere, telomere, repetitive DNA, metacentric chromosome, submetacentric chromosome, acrocentric chromosome, telocentric chromosome, chromosome arms, chromosome regions, chromosome bands

Deletion (read p. 128 and see figs. 7-10 & 7-11 on p. 128-129; also read p. 122 and see fig. 7-2 on p. 123)

Duplication (read pp. 128-130 and see figs. 7-11 & 7-12 on pp. 129-130)

Inversion (read pp. 130-132 and see fig. 7-14(a) on p. 132)

Translocation (read pp. 133-134 and see figs. 7-15 & 7-16 on pp. 133-134)

Chromosomal Relationships of Humans and Great Apes

LAB 11:  CHANGES IN CHROMOSOME NUMBER (Chap. 7 - continued)

Terms:  euploid, polyploid, aneuploid, karyotype, idiogram

Blakeslee and Belling Experiment on aneuploidy  in Datura 

Human Autosomal Aneuploids (see fig. 7-1 on p. 122)

Patau's Syndrome or Trisomy 13 (read pp. 124-125 and see fig. 7-5 on p. 125)

Edward's Syndrome or Trisomy 18 (read pp. 124-125)

Down's Syndrome or Trisomy 21 (read pp. 123-124 and see figs. 7-3 & 7-4 on pp. 123-124)

Autopolyploids (example from Ambystoma) (read pp. 125-126 and see figs. 7-6 & 7-7 on pp. 125-126)

Allopolyploids (example: Raphanobrassica) (read pp. 126-127 and see fig. 7-8 on p. 127)

LAB 12:  GENE REGULATION (Chap. 15)

Turning genes "on" and "off" during differentiation

The Operon Theory (see pp. 307-313 and fig. 15-5 on p. 309)

CONTACT PERSON:  Robert Weibust - weibust@mnstate.edu

LAST UPDATE:  5/17/04

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