Princeton University Press

Making Heretics:
Militant Protestantism and Free Grace in Massachusetts, 1636-1641

Michael P. Winship

Making Heretics is a major new narrative of the famous Massachusetts disputes of the late 1630s misleadingly labeled the “antinomian controversy” by later historians. Drawing on an unprecedented range of sources, Michael Winship fundamentally recasts these interlocked religious and political struggles as a complex ongoing interaction of personalities and personal agendas and as a succession of short-term events with cumulative results.
Previously neglected figures like Sir Henry Vane and John Wheelwright assume leading roles in the processes that nearly ended Massachusetts, while more familiar “hot Protestants” like John Cotton and Anne Hutchinson are relocated in larger frameworks. The book features a striking portrayal of the minister Thomas Shepard as an angry heresy-hunting militant, helping to set the volatile terms on which the disputes were conducted and keeping the flames of contention stoked even as he ostensibly attempted to quell them.

The first book-length treatment in forty years, Making Heretics locates its story in rich contexts, ranging from ministerial quarrels and negotiations over fine but bitterly contested theological points to the shadowy worlds of orthodox and unorthodox lay piety, and from the transatlantic struggles over the Massachusetts Bay Company’s charter to the fraught apocalyptic geopolitics of the Reformation itself. An object study in the ways that puritanism generated, managed, and failed to manage diversity, Making Heretics carries its account on into England in the 1640s and 1650s and helps explain the differing fortunes of puritanism in the Old and New Worlds.

Michael P. Winship is Associate Professor of History at the University of Georgia and the author of Seers of God: Puritan Providentialism in the Restoration and Early Enlightenment.

Endorsements:
“Challenging and compelling . . . spirited, skilled, clear-eyed revisionism. This bold probe into politics and personalities frees the ‘free grace controversy’ from interpretive convention. The episode’s dynamic has never been so perceptively addressed. I was stunned by the new take on Thomas Shepard. Winship has a winner . . . a vanguard contribution to early American and Puritan studies. Read this one first!”--Michael McGiffert, Editor Emeritus, William and Mary Quarterly

“Making Heretics places the so-called antinomian controversy that wracked Massachusetts in the late 1630s in a broad perspective that reveals new facets of this much-studied event. Michael Winship’s knowledge of transatlantic Puritanism and his extensive research into hitherto untapped sources have combined to create a more comprehensive picture than that previously available to us.”--Mary Beth Norton, Cornell University

“Those who believe that the basic knowable facts of the antinomian controversy already have been established, have not yet read Making Heretics. Built upon the fullest canvass of the evidence yet achieved by any historian, Winship’s new book offers the fullest critical reconstruction of early New England’s most famed event, correcting or going beyond the standard accounts at many points.”--Theodore Dwight Bozeman, University of Iowa

“This book is an impressive achievement. Winship writes crisply and lucidly, admirably portraying a world in acute flux. He has an enviable grasp of the range of acceptable disagreement among the godly in normal times and how that range could contract or even explode during a crisis. His research in both printed and manuscript sources is broad and deep. He reads texts with great care and constructs important new chronologies in the process. The result is a compelling story and a fresh synthesis.”--John Murrin, Princeton University

Table of Contents:
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ix
ABBREVIATIONS xi
Introduction 1
CHAPTER ONE: Assurance of Salvation in the Early Seventeenth Century 12
CHAPTER TWO: Lively Stones: John Cotton and Anne Hutchinson 28
CHAPTER THREE: The Most Glorious Church in the World: Boston, c. 1636 44
CHAPTER FOUR: Practicing Puritanism in a Strange Land: Massachusetts, c. 1636 64
CHAPTER FIVE: Secret Quarrels Turn Public: Summer 1636-January 1637 83
CHAPTER SIX: Convicting John Wheelwright: January-March 1637 106
CHAPTER SEVEN: Abimelech’s Faction: March-August 1637 126
CHAPTER EIGHT: Reclaiming Cotton: August-September 1637 149
CHAPTER NINE: The November Trials: October-November 1637 166
CHAPTER TEN: An American Jezebel: November 1637-March 1638 188
CHAPTER ELEVEN: Holding Forth Darkly: March 1638-February 1641 211
CHAPTER TWELVE: Godly Endings 235
NOTES 247
INDEX 313

Cloth | 2002 | $29.95 / £19.95 | ISBN: 0-691-08943-4
340 pp. | 6 x 9
Cloth: $29.95 ISBN: 0-691-08943-4
Prices subject to change without notice

The American Manufactory:
Art, Labor, and the World of Things in the Early Republic

Laura Rigal

Paper | November 2001 | $22.50 / £14.95
Cloth | 1998 | $35.00 / £24.95
272 pp. | 6 x 9 | 14 halftones

This cultural history of American federalism argues that nation-building cannot be understood apart from the process of
industrialization and the making of the working class in the late-eighteenth-century United States. Citing the coincidental rise of federalism and industrialism, Laura Rigal examines the creations and performances of writers, collectors, engineers, inventors, and illustrators who assembled an early national "world of things," at a time when American craftsmen were transformed into wage laborers and production was rationalized, mechanized, and put to new ideological purposes. American federalism emerges here as a culture of self-making, in forms as various as street parades, magazine writing, painting, autobiography, advertisement, natural history collections, and trials and trial transcripts.

Chapters center on the craftsmen who celebrated the Constitution by marching in Philadelphia's Grand Federal Procession of 1788; the autobiographical writings of John Fitch, an inventor of the steamboat before Fulton; the exhumation and museum display of the "first American mastodon" by the Peale family of Philadelphia; Joseph Dennie's literary miscellany, the Port Folio; the nine-volume American Ornithology of Alexander Wilson; and finally the autobiography and portrait of Philadelphia locksmith Pat Lyon, who was falsely imprisoned for bank robbery in 1798 but eventually emerged as an icon for the American working man. Rigal demonstrates that federalism is not merely a political movement, or an artifact of language, but a phenomenon of culture: one among many innovations elaborated in the "manufactory" of early American nation-building.

Laura Rigal is Associate Professor of English and American Studies at the University of Iowa.

Reviews:

"An astute analysis. . . . Rigal has written an important book that raises important questions. This alone makes it essential reading for those interested in deepening our understanding of early national culture."--Ronald Schultz, American Historical Review

"A meticulous, sophisticated, and varied tableau."--Andrew M. Schocket, Journal of the Early Republic

"A fascinating and complex mix of provocative readings of the early nation's cultural productions."--Ellen Fernandez-Sacco, William and Mary Quarterly

"Rigal has written an innovative and highly suggestive book. . . . [Her] analyses are immensely interesting and largely
persuasive."--Stephen P. Rice, Reviews in American History

Table of Contents

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
INTRODUCTION The Extended Republic in the Age of Manufactures
PART I: FEDERAL MECHANICS
CHAPTER ONE Raising the Roof: Authors, Architects, and Artisans in the Grand Federal Procession of
CHAPTER TWO The Mechanic as the Author of His Life: John Fitch's "Life" and "Steamboat History"
PART II: THE MAMMOTH STATE
CHAPTER THREE Peale's Mammoth
CHAPTER FOUR The American Lounger: Figures of Failure and Fatigue in the Port Folio,

PART III: THE STRONG BOX
CHAPTER FIVE Feathered Federalism: Alexander Wilson's American Ornithology,

CHAPTER SIX Picture-Nation: Pat Lyon at the Forge,
NOTES
INDEX

For customers in the U.S., Canada, Latin America, Asia and Australia
ISBN: 0-691-08951-1 Paper: $22.50; ISBN: 0-691-01558-9 Cloth: $35.00

Tocqueville between Two Worlds:
The Making of a Political and Theoretical Life

Sheldon S. Wolin

Cloth | September 2001 | $35.00 / £24.95
680 pp. | 6 x 9

Endorsements

Alexis de Tocqueville may be the most influential political thinker in American history. He also led an unusually active and ambitious career in French politics. In this magisterial book, one of America's most important contemporary theorists draws on decades of research and thought to present the first work that fully connects Tocqueville's political and theoretical lives. In doing so, Sheldon Wolin presents sweeping new interpretations of Tocqueville's major works and of his place in intellectual history. As he traces the origins and impact of Tocqueville's ideas, Wolin also offers a profound commentary on the general trajectory of Western political life over the past two hundred years.

Wolin proceeds by examining Tocqueville's key writings in light of his experiences in the troubled world of French politics. He portrays Democracy in America, for example, as a theory of discovery that emerged from Tocqueville's contrasting experiences of America and of France's constitutional monarchy. He shows us how Tocqueville used Recollections to reexamine his political commitments in light of the revolutions of 1848 and the threat of socialism. He portrays The Old Regime and the French Revolution as a work of theoretical history designed to throw light on the Bonapartist despotism he saw around him. Throughout, Wolin highlights the tensions between Tocqueville's ideas and his activities as a politician, arguing that--despite his limited political success--Tocqueville was ''perhaps the last influential theorist who can be said to have truly cared about political life.''

In the course of the book, Wolin also shows that Tocqueville struggled with many of the forces that constrain politics today, including the relentless advance of capitalism, of science and technology, and of state bureaucracy. He concludes that Tocqueville's insights and anxieties about the impotence of politics in a ''postaristocratic'' era speak directly to the challenges of our own ''postdemocratic'' age. A monumental new study of Tocqueville, this is also a rich and provocative work about the past, the present, and the future of democratic life in America and abroad.

Sheldon S. Wolin is Emeritus Professor of Politics, Princeton University. He also taught for many years at the University of California, Berkeley. His most famous book, Politics and Vision: Continuity and Innovation in Western Political Thought, influenced a generation of political theorists.

Endorsements:

"Sheldon Wolin's Tocqueville between Two Worlds conveys a sweep of historical analysis that gives us deep insight not only into Tocqueville himself but also into the American character. The result is a work of supreme scholarship that sheds light on America's present and possible future as well as its past."---Senator Bill Bradley

"In his new interpretation of Tocqueville, Sheldon Wolin speaks with a master's voice. For him, Tocqueville's theme is the revival of the political within democracy and against the tendencies of democracy. There is no grander topic for us today, and Wolin's treatment is penetrating, thorough, and authoritative. This is a major work of political theory."--Harvey Mansfield, Harvard University

"Sheldon Wolin is perhaps the most compelling American political theorist writing in the last half of the twentieth century. Here is a new book to launch the twenty-first, one that shows us how pertinent Tocqueville remains for democrats today and why Wolin continues to inspire so many political theorists."--William E. Connolly, author of Why I Am Not a Secularist

"Sheldon Wolin has given us a study of Tocqueville worthy of its subject, the greatest interpreter of American democracy. More than a masterful account of Tocqueville's life and thought, Wolin's book is likely to be an enduring work of political theory in its own right. Drawing on Tocqueville's concern with the fate of the political, Wolin offers sobering insights into the democratic prospect in our time."--Michael Sandel, Harvard University, author of Democracy's Discontent

For customers in the U.S., Canada, Latin America, Asia and Australia
ISBN: 0-691-07436-4 Cloth: $35.00
 

For customers in England, Europe, Africa and the Middle East
ISBN: 0-691-07436-4 Cloth: £24.95

The Papers of Thomas Jefferson:
Volume 29: 1 March 1796 to 31 December 1797

Edited by Barbara B. Oberg

In the twenty-two months covered by this volume, Jefferson spent most of his time at Monticello, where in his
short-lived retirement from office he turned in earnest to the renovation of his residence and described himself as a
''monstrous farmer.'' Yet he narrowly missed being elected George Washington's successor as president and took
the oath of office as vice president in March 1797. In early summer he presided over the Senate after President
John Adams summoned Congress to deal with the country's worsening relations with France. As the key figure in
the growing ''Republican quarter,'' Jefferson collaborated with such allies as James Monroe and James Madison
and drafted a petition to the Virginia House of Delegates upholding the right of representatives to communicate
freely with their constituents.

The unauthorized publication of a letter to Philip Mazzei, in which Jefferson decried the former ''Samsons in the
field and Solomons in the council'' who had been ''shorn by the harlot England,'' made the vice president the
uncomfortable target of intense partisan attention. In addition, Luther Martin publicly challenged Jefferson's
treatment, in Notes on Virginia, of the famous oration of Logan.

Jefferson became president of the American Philosophical Society and presented a paper describing the fossilized
remains of the megalonyx, or ''great claw.'' At Monticello he evaluated the merits of threshing machines,
corresponded with British agricultural authorities, sought new crops for his rotation schemes, manufactured nails,
and entertained family members and visitors.

Barbara B. Oberg, a Senior Research Scholar and Lecturer with the Rank of Professor at Princeton University, is
General Editor of The Papers of Thomas Jefferson.

Series: Papers of Thomas Jefferson

Subject Area: American History

Cloth | December 2001 | $99.50 / £67.00
752 pp. | 6 x 9 | 8 duotones, 3 line illus.
For customers in the U.S., Canada, Latin America, Asia and Australia
ISBN: 0-691-09043-2 Cloth: $99.50
The People with No Name: Ireland's Ulster Scots, America's Scots Irish, and the Creation of a British
Atlantic World, 1689-1764

Patrick Griffin

More than 100,000 Ulster Presbyterians of Scottish origin migrated to the American colonies in
the six decades prior to the American Revolution, the largest movement of any group from the
British Isles to British North America in the eighteenth century. Drawing on a vast store of
archival materials, The People with No Name is the first book to tell this fascinating story in its
full, transatlantic context. It explores how these people--whom one visitor to their Pennsylvania
enclaves referred to as ''a spurious race of mortals known by the appellation
Scotch-Irish''--drew upon both Old and New World experiences to adapt to staggering
religious, economic, and cultural change. In remarkably crisp, lucid prose, Patrick Griffin
uncovers the ways in which migrants from Ulster--and thousands like them--forged new
identities and how they conceived the wider transatlantic community.

The book moves from a vivid depiction of Ulster and its Presbyterian community in and after
the Glorious Revolution to a brilliant account of religion and identity in early modern Ireland.
Griffin then deftly weaves together religion and economics in the origins of the transatlantic
migration, and examines how this traumatic and enlivening experience shaped patterns of
settlement and adaptation in colonial America. In the American side of his story, he breaks new
critical ground for our understanding of colonial identity formation and of the place of the
frontier in a larger empire. The People with No Name will be indispensable reading for anyone
interested in transatlantic history, American Colonial history, and the history of Irish and British
migration.

Patrick Griffin is an Assistant Professor in the History Department of Ohio University.

Endorsements:

''This is a first-rate and timely piece of scholarship, offering a compelling new vision of
transatlantic history and an equally compelling analysis of the intricacies of identity and culture
in the colonial Atlantic world. It may well be the best sustained study of the 'Ulster Scot' in the
Atlantic world that has been written in a generation.''--Kevin Kenny, Boston College

''A significant contribution to the field. Certainly, every scholar who does research in Irish
and/or Scots Irish history will want to read this book, as will many specialists in immigration
history. Griffin's book will also be a valuable complement to the burgeoning study of
transatlantic or the 'new' British history, and will attract specialists in 18th century Irish
(especially Ulster) history as well.''--Kerby Miller, University of Missouri at Columbia

Subject Areas: American History, European History

Paper | November 2001 | $19.95 / £12.95
Cloth | November 2001 | $55.00 / £36.50
256 pp. | 6 x 9 | 2 maps
For customers in the U.S., Canada, Latin America, Asia and Australia
ISBN: 0-691-07462-3 Paper: $19.95
ISBN: 0-691-07461-5 Cloth: $55.00
Religions of the United States in Practice, Volume 1

Edited by Colleen McDannell

Religions of the United States in Practice is a rich anthology of primary sources with
accompanying essays that examines religious behavior in America. From praying in an early
American synagogue to performing Mormon healing rituals to debating cremation, Volume 1
explores faith through action from Colonial times through the nineteenth century.

The documents and essays consider the religious practices of average people--praying, singing,
healing, teaching, imagining, and persuading. Some documents are formal liturgies while other
texts describe more spontaneous religious actions. Because religious practices also take place in
the imagination, dreams, visions, and fictional accounts are also included.

Accompanying each primary document is an essay that sets the religious practice in its
historical and theological context--making this volume ideal for classroom use and accessible to
any reader. The introductory essays explain the various meanings of religious practices as lived
out in churches and synagogues, in parlors and fields, beside rivers, on lecture platforms, and in
the streets.

Religions of the United States in Practice offers a sampling of religious perspectives in order
to approximate the living texture of popular religious thought and practice in the United States.
The history of religion in America is more than the story of institutions and famous people.
This anthology presents a more nuanced story composed of the everyday actions and thoughts
of lay men and women.

Colleen McDannell is Sterling M. McMurrin Professor of Religious Studies and Professor
of History at the University of Utah. She is the author of Material Christianity: Religion and
Popular Culture in America and The Christian Home in Victorian America: 1840-1900 and
a coauthor of Heaven: A History.

Endorsement:

''This anthology presents the reader with a rich sampling of the ways in which American
religion has been practiced. It implicitly challenges some of the standard temporal and thematic
categories through which American religion has been understood. The volumes will be useful
as reference works and in courses about American religious history. There is much here that
does not appear in standard treatments of the subject.''--Robert Wuthnow, Princeton University

Series: Princeton Readings in Religions

Subject Areas: Religion. American History

Paper | December 2001 | $21.95 / £14.50
Cloth | December 2001 | $75.00 / £50.00
472 pp. | 6 x 9

For customers in the U.S., Canada, Latin America, Asia and Australia
ISBN: 0-691-00999-6 Paper: $21.95
ISBN: 0-691-00998-8 Cloth: $75.00
Lions and Eagles and Bulls:
Early American Tavern and Inn Signs from The Connecticut Historical Society

Edited by Susan P. Schoelwer

Proud lions, patriotic eagles, and solemn bulls--not to mention prancing horses, majestic oak
trees, and festive table settings--graced the roadsides of colonial America. Painted onto
wooden signboards and hung above the heads of passers-by, these colorful images
communicated critical information, enabling local residents and travelers to find their way to
commercial enterprises and civic gatherings. These signs, as they evolved from the
eighteenth through the mid-nineteenth century, documented the radical shift from a
premodern agricultural society to the entrepreneurial, market-driven, and increasingly urban
economy of the early Republic.

Handsomely illustrated with over seventy color plates, this catalogue--published in
collaboration with a major traveling exhibition--features works from the Connecticut
Historical Society, which houses the nation's preeminent collection of early American
painted signs. Eight essays, written by prominent scholars of American art and cultural
history, explore the medium and discuss why these signs are much more than picturesque
relics of bygone times. Indeed, this volume reconnects sign paintings to the broad
continuum of artistic genres and practices within which they were produced, displayed, and
viewed.

An accessible text, illustrated generously throughout, includes an introduction that
encourages the reader to engage with sign paintings from a variety of artistic and cultural
perspectives including those of vernacular art, commercial art, and visual and material
culture. Other essays examine specific aspects of sign paintings: the creative processes of
the individual makers, the distinctive techniques and materials used, the development of the
profession, the iconography and sources, and the consequences of outdoor installation on
aesthetic and cultural meanings. The volume also features a detailed catalogue of the sign
paintings in the exhibition and brief biographies of those sign painters that have been
documented in Connecticut.

Both building on and recasting the rich legacy of "folk art," Lions and Eagles and Bulls
provides a wealth of new information about these highly significant and well-loved objects
to scholars, collectors, and art-lovers alike.

Contributors to the catalogue include Philip D. Zimmerman, Margaret C. Vincent, Sandra
Webber, Alexander Carlisle, Nancy Finlay, Catherine Gudis, Kenneth L. Ames, and Bryan
J. Wolf.

EXHIBITION SCHEDULE:

The Connecticut Historical Society,
Hartford, Connecticut,
October-December, 2000

Hood Museum of Art
Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire,
June-September, 2001

The Museums at Stony Brook,
Long Island, New York,
September-December, 2001

Museum of our National Heritage,
Lexington, Massachusetts,
April-October, 2002

Susan P. Schoelwer is Director of Museum Collections at The Connecticut Historical
Society.

Subject Areas:
Art and Architecture
American History

Published in association with The Connecticut Historical Society

Cloth | October 2000 | $49.50 / £30.00
192 pp. | 9 1/2 x 12 | 75 color plates 100 halftones

July 24, 2002