Princeton University Press
The Papers of Thomas Jefferson: Volume 32:
1 June 1800 to 16 February 1801

Thomas Jefferson
Edited by Barbara B. Oberg

"I have sometimes asked myself whether my country is the better for my having lived at all?" Jefferson muses in this volume. His answer: "I do not know that it is." Required by custom to be "entirely passive" during the presidential campaign, Jefferson, at Monticello during the summer of 1800, refrains from answering attacks on his character, responds privately to Benjamin Rush's queries about religion, and learns of rumors of his own death. Yet he is in good health, harvests a bountiful wheat crop, and maintains his belief that the American people will shake off the Federalist thrall. He counsels James Monroe, the governor of Virginia, on the mixture of leniency and firmness to be shown in the wake of the aborted revolt of slaves led by the blacksmith Gabriel.

Arriving in Washington in November, Jefferson reports that the election "is the only thing of which any thing is said here." He is aware of Alexander Hamilton's efforts to undermine John Adams, and of desires by some Federalists to give interim executive powers to a president pro tem of the Senate. But the Republicans have made no provision to prevent the tie of electoral votes between Jefferson and Aaron Burr. Jefferson calls Burr's conduct "honorable & decisive" before prospects of intrigue arise as the nation awaits the decision of the House of Representatives. As the volume closes, the election is still unresolved after six long days of balloting by the House.

Barbara B. Oberg, Senior Research Scholar and Lecturer with the Rank of Professor at Princeton University, is General Editor of The Papers of Thomas Jefferson.

Series:

Papers of Thomas Jefferson
Barbara B. Oberg, Editor
Subject Area: American History

Cloth | January 2006 | $99.50 / £65.00 | ISBN: 0-691-12489-2
718 pp. | 6 x 9 | 8 halftones. 4 line illus.
Cloth: $99.50 ISBN: 0-691-12489-2
The Princeton Companion to Jonathan Edwards

Edited by Sang Hyun Lee

Jonathan Edwards (1703-1758) is widely recognized as one of the greatest philosopher-theologians America has ever produced, and recent years have seen a remarkable increase in research on his writings. To date, however, there has been no single authoritative volume that introduces and interprets the key aspects of Edwards' thought as a whole. The Princeton Companion to Jonathan Edwards provides just such a concise and comprehensive work, one that will be invaluable to students and scholars of American religion and theology as well as of literature, philosophy, and history.

  Comprising twenty essays by leading scholars on Edwards, the book will inform and challenge readers on subjects ranging from Edwards' understanding of the Trinity, God and the world, Christ, and salvation, as well as of history, typology, the church, and mission to Native Americans. It also includes a chronology of Edwards' life and writings that incorporates current research. Those familiar with Edwards' writings will find in these essays succinct expositions as well as bold new interpretations, and others will find an accessible, authoritative, up-to-date orientation to his multifaceted thought.

  The essays are by Robert E. Brown, Allen C. Guezlo, Robert W. Jenson, Wilson H. Kimnach, Janice Knight, Sang Hyun Lee, Gerald R. McDermott, Kenneth P. Minkema, Mark Noll, Richard R. Niebuhr, Amy Plantinga Pauw, John E. Smith, Stephen J. Stein, Harry S. Stout, Douglas A. Sweeney, Peter J. Thuesen, and John F. Wilson.

Sang Hyun Lee is K. C. Han Professor of Systematic Theology at Princeton Theological Seminary, and a member of the editorial committee of the Yale edition of The Works of Jonathan Edwards. He is the author of The Philosophical Theology of Jonathan Edwards (Princeton, 1988; paperback 2000); the editor of volume 21 of the Yale edition of The Works of Jonathan Edwards, Writings on the Trinity, Grace and Faith ; and the coeditor of Edwards in Our Time .

Endorsements:

"This very fine volume is a true companion to Edwards's theology, one that students of Edwards can use to find clear and authoritative expositions on most of the major topics on which he wrote. Given that Edwards himself did not publish any systematic works, this book is a particularly valuable tool, providing a well-organized account of his doctrinal contributions, in which interest is greatest. Not only are the essays well-written but the editor has done a fine job of gathering a well matched set."--George Marsden, University of Notre Dame, author of Jonathan Edwards: A Life

"This book brings together an impressive group of scholars to provide a reliable and readable theological reference for a new generation of students of Jonathan Edwards. The Princeton Companion introduces key concepts in Edwards's theology, summarizes the history of the surrounding scholarship, and points the way toward major resources for further study."--W. Clark Gilpin, University of Chicago Divinity School, author of A Preface to Theology

Another Princeton book by Sang Hyun Lee:

            ·The Philosophical Theology of Jonathan Edwards.

Cloth | June 2005 | $45.00 / £29.95 | ISBN: 0-691-12108-7
344 pp. | 6 x 9 Cloth: $45.00 ISBN: 0-691-12108-7
Prices subject to change without notice

The Papers of Thomas Jefferson: Retirement Series: Volume 1:
4 March 1809 to 15 November 1809

Edited by J. Jefferson Looney

This volume inaugurates the definitive edition of papers from Thomas Jefferson's retirement. As the volume opens, a new president is installed and Jefferson is anticipating his return to Virginia, where he will pursue a fascinating range of personal and intellectual activities. He prepares for his final departure from Washington by settling accounts and borrowing to pay his creditors. At Monticello he tells of his efforts to restore order at his mismanaged mill complex, breed merino sheep, and otherwise resume full control of his financial and agricultural affairs.

Though he is entering retirement, he still has one foot firmly planted in the world of public affairs. He acknowledges a flood of accolades on his retirement and has frequent exchanges with President James Madison. While fielding written requests for money, favors, and advice from a kaleidoscopic array of relatives, acquaintances, strangers, cranks, anonymous writers, and a blackmailer, he maintains a wide and varied correspondence with scientists and scholars on both sides of the Atlantic.

The volume's highlights include first-hand accounts of Jefferson's demeanor at his successor's inauguration and one of the most detailed descriptions of life at Monticello by a visitor; Jefferson's recommendations on book purchases to a literary club and a teacher; chemical analyses of tobacco by a French scientist that first isolated nicotine; the earliest descriptions of the death of Meriwether Lewis; one of Jefferson's most eloquent calls for religious tolerance; and his modest assessment of the value of his writings in reply to a printer interested in publishing them.

J. Jefferson Looney is Editor of The Papers of Thomas Jefferson: Retirement Series, sponsored by the Thomas Jefferson Foundation, Inc., Charlottesville, Virginia. He was formerly editor and project director of the Dictionary of Virginia Biography, and author or editor of several works on the history of Princeton University.

Series:
o Papers of Thomas Jefferson, Retirement Series
Subject Area:
o American History

For customers in the U.S., Canada, Latin America, Asia, and Australia
Cloth: $99.50 ISBN: 0-691-12121-4
Cloth | February | $99.50 | ISBN: 0-691-12121-4
780 pp. | 6 x 9 | 8 halftones. 2 maps.
Prices subject to change without notice
The Founding Fathers and the Politics of Character

Andrew S. Trees

The American Revolution swept away old certainties and forced revolutionaries to consider what it meant to be American. Andrew Trees examines four attempts to answer the question of national identity that Americans faced in the wake of the Revolution. Through the writings of Thomas Jefferson, John Adams, Alexander Hamilton, and James Madison, Trees explores a complicated political world in which boundaries between the personal and the political were fluid and ill-defined. Melding history and literary study, he shows how this unsettled landscape challenged and sometimes confounded the founders' attempts to forge their own--and the nation's--identity.

Trees traces the intimately linked shaping of self and country by four men distrustful of politics and yet operating in an increasingly democratic world. Jefferson sought to recast the political along the lines of friendship, while Hamilton hoped that honor would provide a secure foundation for self and country. Adams struggled to create a nation virtuous enough to sustain a republican government, and Madison worked to establish a government based on justice.

Giving a new context to the founders' mission, Trees studies their contributions not simply as policy prescriptions but in terms of a more elusive and symbolic level of action. His work illuminates the tangled relationship among rhetoric, politics, self, and nation--as well as the larger question of national identity that remains with us today.

Andrew S. Trees has taught at the University of Virginia, Rhodes College, and Rutgers University, Newark. He currently lives in New York City and teaches at the Horace Mann School.

Endorsements:
"A wonderful blend of history and literary studies, The Founding Fathers and the Politics of Character is a polished and significant work. Trees focuses upon perhaps the most pressing problem of politics in the 1790s: How men steeped in eighteenth-century thought, which disparaged popular politics, could find a place for themselves in the increasingly democratic political world that they themselves had brought into being. It is impossible for me to describe adequately the elegance with which Trees has written this work. While its chief contribution is to enhance our understanding of the politics and political thought of the 1790s, the book is also an extended essay on the problem of character in American politics. This, of course, is a problem of continuing interest."--Jan Ellen Lewis, Rutgers University, Newark
"This is an immensely impressive book of unusual range and balance. Trees is as much at home dealing with the private sphere and the public, the personal realm and the political. He displays a splendid facility with several genres, with biography, with ideas, and with variety of almost every kind. His judgments are sure and penetrating. Better, they are fresh, sophisticated, imaginative, and largely persuasive. Best of all, they are focused and, in the final analysis, simple and memorable. Trees has a touch that is rare among scholars: he can take material that seems essentially familiar and make it new."--Michael Zuckerman, University of Pennsylvania

Table of Contents:
List of Illustrations ix
Preface xi
Acknowledgments xv
Introduction 1
Chapter One: Friendship 13
Chapter Two: Honor 45
Chapter Three: Virtue 75
Chapter Four: Justice 107
Conclusion: Veneration 135
Notes 147
Index 205

Subject Area:
o American History

For customers in the U.S., Canada, Latin America, Asia, and Australia
Paper: $19.95 ISBN: 0-691-12236-9
Cloth: $39.95 ISBN: 0-691-11552-4
Paper | March 2005 | $19.95 / £12.95 | ISBN: 0-691-12236-9
Cloth | 2003 | $39.95 / £26.95 | ISBN: 0-691-11552-4
232 pp. | 6 x 9 | 16 halftones.
Puritans in the New World:
A Critical Anthology

Edited by David D. Hall

Puritans in the New World tells the story of the powerful yet turbulent culture of the English people who embarked on an "errand into the wilderness." It presents the Puritans in their own words, shedding light on the lives both of great dissenters such as Roger Williams and Anne Hutchinson and of the orthodox leaders who contended against them. Classics of Puritan expression, like Mary Rowlandson's captivity narrative, Anne Bradstreet's poetry, and William Bradford's Of Plymouth Plantation appear alongside texts that are less well known but no less important: confessions of religious experience by lay people, the "diabolical" possession of a young woman, and the testimony of Native Americans who accept Christianity. Hall's chapter introductions provide a running history of Puritanism in seventeenth-century New England and alert readers to important scholarship.

Above all, this is a collection of texts that vividly illuminates the experience of being a Puritan in the New World. The book will be welcomed by all those who are interested in early American literature, religion, and history.

David D. Hall is Professor of American Religious History at Harvard Divinity School. His books include Worlds of Wonder, Days of Judgment: Popular Religious Belief in Early New England and Lived Religion in America: Toward a History of Practice (Princeton).

Endorsements:
"A welcome anthology through which to understand and teach the New England Puritans. Hall captures the full range of Puritan religious expression and helps the reader understand the complexity of Puritan thought and practice."--Philip F. Gura, University of North Carolina
 "One cannot imagine a better person to edit an anthology on American Puritanism than David D. Hall. The first comprehensive collection to approach Puritan writing primarily from a historical rather than a literary perspective, this book has, as one would expect, numerous virtues, not least of which is that it emphasizes Puritanism as a lived religion as opposed to a set of doctrines or moral postures."--Charles L. Cohen, University of Wisconsin-Madison

Paper | 2004 | $19.95 / £12.95 | ISBN: 0-691-11409-9
Cloth | 2004 | $65.00 / £42.95 | ISBN: 0-691-11408-0
392 pp. | 6 x 9 | 2 halftones.
The Founding Fathers and the Place of Religion in America

Frank Lambert

How did the United States, founded as colonies with explicitly religious aspirations, come to be the first modern state whose commitment to the separation of church and state was reflected in its constitution? Frank Lambert explains why this happened, offering in the process a synthesis of American history from the first British arrivals through Thomas Jefferson's controversial presidency.

Lambert recognizes that two sets of spiritual fathers defined the place of religion in early America: what Lambert calls the Planting Fathers, who brought Old World ideas and dreams of building a "City upon a Hill," and the Founding Fathers, who determined the constitutional arrangement of religion in the new republic. While the former proselytized the "one true faith," the latter emphasized religious freedom over religious purity.

Lambert locates this shift in the mid-eighteenth century. In the wake of evangelical revival, immigration by new dissenters, and population expansion, there emerged a marketplace of religion characterized by sectarian competition, pluralism, and widened choice. During the American Revolution, dissenters found sympathetic lawmakers who favored separating church and state, and the free marketplace of religion gained legal status as the Founders began the daunting task of uniting thirteen disparate colonies. To avoid discord in an increasingly pluralistic and contentious society, the Founders left the religious arena free of government intervention save for the guarantee of free exercise for all. Religious people and groups were also free to seek political influence, ensuring that religion's place in America would always be a contested one, but never a state-regulated one.
An engaging and highly readable account of early American history, this book shows how religious freedom came to be recognized not merely as toleration of dissent but as a natural right to be enjoyed by all Americans.
Frank Lambert is Professor of History at Purdue University. He is the author of Pedlar in Divinity and Inventing the "Great Awakening" (both Princeton).

Endorsements:
"Lambert has crafted an excellent survey on religion and the state in early America--deft, succinct, and well researched. With crystal clear prose, Lambert offers a wonderfully lucid text for general readers and students, yet one also studded with insights of great profit to historians of American religion and culture."--Leigh E. Schmidt, Princeton University

"Although Lambert explores a difficult interpretive question, the origins of the separation of church and state in America, he does so with fine narrative style. The prose is crisp and lucid, and his argument is solid and convincing."--Patrick Griffin, Ohio University

Cloth | 2003 | $29.95 / £19.95 | ISBN: 0-691-08829-2
344 pp. | 6 x 9
Prices subject to change without notice

"Pedlar in Divinity":
George Whitefield and the Transatlantic Revivals, 1737-1770

Frank Lambert

A pioneer in the commercialization of religion, George Whitefield (1714-1770) is seen by many as the most powerful leader of the Great Awakening in America: through his passionate ministry he united local religious revivals into a national movement before there was a nation. An itinerant British preacher who spent much of his adult life in the American colonies, Whitefield was an immensely popular speaker. Crossing national boundaries and ignoring ecclesiastical controls, he preached outdoors or in public houses and guild halls. In London, crowds of more than thirty thousand gathered to hear him, and his audiences exceeded twenty thousand in Philadelphia and Boston. In this fresh interpretation of Whitefield and his age, Frank Lambert focuses not so much on the evangelist's oratorical skills as on the marketing techniques that he borrowed from his contemporaries in the commercial world. What emerges is a fascinating account of the birth of consumer culture in the eighteenth century, especially the new advertising methods available to those selling goods and services--or salvation.
Whitefield faced a problem similar to that of the new Atlantic merchants: how to reach an ever-expanding audience of anonymous strangers, most of whom he would never see face-to-face. To contact this mass "congregation," Whitefield exploited popular print, especially newspapers. In addition, he turned to a technique later imitated by other evangelists such as Dwight L. Moody, Billy Sunday, and Billy Graham: the deployment of advance publicity teams to advertise his coming presentations. Immersed in commerce themselves, Whitefield's auditors appropriated him as a well-publicized English import. He preached against the excesses and luxuries of the spreading consumer society, but he drew heavily on the new commercialism to explain his mission to himself and to his transatlantic audience.

Frank Lambert is Associate Professor of History at Purdue University and the author of Inventing the "Great Awakening" (Princeton).

Reviews:
"A scholarly, easily written and felicitously documented account of Whitefeld's use of commercial methods . . . to promote missions to the masses."--David Martin, Times Literary Supplement
"More than any other work, Lambert's provides the foundation for a new understanding and appreciation of the life and times of Anglo-America's greatest evangelical revivalist."--American Historical Review

Table of Contents:
List of llustrations
Acknowledgments
Introduction
Ch. 1 Eighteenth-Century Transformations: Whitefield's New Birth and the Consumer Revolution 11
Ch. 2 Whitefield's Adaptation of Commercial Strategies 52
Ch. 3 Creating an Intercolonial Revival 95
Ch. 4 Interpreting the New Birth: Audience Response 134
Ch. 5 Debating the Great Awakening in a Religious Public Sphere 169
Ch. 6 The Americanization of Whitefield 198
Epilogue. Legacies 226
Index 233
Other Princeton books by Frank Lambert:
* The Founding Fathers and the Place of Religion in America.
* Inventing the "Great Awakening".

Paper | 2002 | $18.00 / £12.95 | ISBN: 0-691-09616-3
264 pp. | 6 x 9 | 10 halftones

The Power of Legitimacy:
Assessing the Role of Norms in Crisis Bargaining

Christopher Gelpi

A major departure from mainstream security studies, this book mounts a thoughtful challenge to realist theories of crisis bargaining. It tests the proposition that normative standards of behavior influence state actions in security-related conflicts. Specifically, it examines the construction of bilateral norms as the settlements of security-related disputes and the effects these settlements have on subsequent interactions over the same issue.
Drawing on institutionalist arguments about the informational impact of norms, Christopher Gelpi contends that norms act as signals that give meaning to other states' behavior in at least two important ways. First, they provide a mutually acceptable focal point for limiting both demands and concessions. Second, security norms change the context in which coercive behavior is interpreted. That is, norms can cause coercive behavior to be interpreted as punishment rather than aggression.
Gelpi tests this argument against its most prominent competitor--a realist model of crisis bargaining--in three stages. First, he uses a probit analysis to perform a quantitative test on the population of 122 reinitiated international crises between 1929 and 1979. Second, he conducts detailed case studies of the Cienfuegos Submarine Conflict and the Six Day War. Finally, he conducts a second statistical analysis examining the conditions under which security norms will succeed or fail. While hypotheses derived from realist coercion theory receive only mixed support, Gelpi finds strong evidence that states can and do construct normative standards that guide their behavior in international crises.
Christopher Gelpi is Assistant Professor of Political Science at Duke University.
Endorsement:
"Too little attention has been given to the role of norms in guiding state behavior, and Gelpi has found a creative way of conducting an empirical test of their role. His is a book I enjoyed reading--a well-constructed professional investigation with intriguing findings. It provides welcome empirical ammunition for institutionalists in their ongoing debate with realists."--Russell Leng, Middlebury College

Cloth: $39.50 ISBN: 0-691-09248-6
Cloth | 2002 | $39.50 / £27.95 | ISBN: 0-691-09248-6
232 pp. | 6 x 9 | 9 tables. 3 line illus.
Teach Me Dreams:
The Search for Self in the Revolutionary Era

Mechal Sobel

One day in 1698, Robert Pyle of Pennsylvania decided to buy a black slave. The next night he dreamed of a steep ladder to heaven that he felt he could not climb because he carried a black pot. In the dream, a man told him the ladder was the light of Jesus Christ and would bear any whose faith held strong; otherwise, the climber would fall. Pyle woke that morning positive that he should eschew slaves and slavery, having equated the pot with the slave he wished to buy. In fact, so acutely did this dream awaken him to his sins that he became a dynamic advocate of liberation. This dream literally changed his outlook and his life.

Teach Me Dreams delves into the dream world of ordinary Americans and finds that as their self-perception increased, transforming them on a personal level, so did a revolutionary spirit that wrought momentous political changes. Mechal Sobel considers dreams recorded in the life narratives of 100 people, revealing the America of the Revolutionary Era to have been a truly dream-infused culture in which analysis of dreams was encouraged, and subsequent personal reevaluation was striking. Sobel uses a wealth of information--letters, diaries, and over 200 published autobiographies from a wide range of "ordinary" people; black, white, male, female. In these accounts, many previously neglected by historians, dreamers explain how their nighttime adventures opened their eyes to aspects of themselves, or unveiled new paths they should take both personally and politically. Such paths often led them to challenge those in power.

Charting the widely dreamed of opposition between blacks and whites, men and women, Sobel offers astounding new insights into how early Americans understood their lives. Her analysis of the dreams and lives of ordinary Revolutionary-Era people demonstrates links between dreaming, self reevaluation, and participation in the radically changing politics of the time. This book will appeal to specialists in the fields of American and African-American history, and anyone interested in dreams and self-development.
Mechal Sobel is a professor in the History Department and director of the Graduate Program in American Studies at the University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel. She is author of The World They Made Together: Black and White Values in Eighteenth-Century Virginia and Trabelin' On: The Slave Journey to an Afro-Baptist Faith.

Endorsement:
"Mechal Sobel has written an important, marvelously original book, gracefully written. . . . It is the first book in a long time that takes as its subject the psychological meaning of living through the American Revolutionary Era, not for one or a few individuals who left enormous bodies of personal papers (e.g. Thomas Jefferson) but a wide range of 'ordinary' people--white and black, male and female. This book will force many historians to examine skeptically much that they thought they knew."--Linda K. Kerber, author of No Constitutional Right to Be Ladies: Women and the Obligations of Citizenship

Table of Contents:
Illustrations xi
Acknowledgment xv
Introduction 3
1. "Teach me Dreams": Learning to Use Dreams to Refashion the~ Self 17
2. Whites' Black Alien Other 55
3. Blacks' White Enemy Other 106
4. "Making Men What They Should Be" 135
5. Women Seeking What They Would Be 164
Coda: "In Dreams Begins Responsibility" 206
Notes 243
Bibliography 313
Index 357

Other Princeton books by Mechal Sobel:
* Trabelin' On: The Slave Journey to an Afro-Baptist Faith. Abridged Paperback.
* The World They Made Together: Black and White Values in Eighteenth-Century Virginia.

Paper | 2002 | $16.95 / £10.95 | ISBN: 0-691-11333-5
384 pp. | 6 x 9 | 34 halftones
Cloth | 2000 | $37.50 / £24.95 | ISBN: 0-691-04949-1
392 pp. | 6 x 9 | 34 halftones
Prices subject to change without notice

August 11, 2005