The Johns Hopkins University Press 

THE DEVIL'S DISCIPLES: The Makers of the Salem Witchcraft Trials

Peter Charles Hoffer

"A superb legal scholar, Hoffer provides an excellent discussion of the procedures and evidence used in the trials. He reveals that grand juries demanded more tangible evidence of witchcraft that the assertions of afflicted adolescent girls before issuing indictments. Hoffer then demonstrates that, in determining the guilt of the accused, the trial juries essentially followed the lead of the judges, who were insifficiently
prepared for witchcraft cases." -- American Historical Review

"Hoffer's central argument is persuasive and significant... [He] furthers understanding of Salem witchcraft by comparing it to allegations of satanic abuse and child molestation in our own time. Without denying the existence of child abuse today or the importance of exposing it to public view, Hoffer compares the Salem witchcraft hysteria to the collective fantasies of victimization that have overtaken United States communities in recent years... [He] demonstrates the continued relevance of the Salem episode and its important place in American
history."Journal of American History

"Reads like a good novel... You cannot wait to see what happens next, even though the verdicts were passed in 1692."--New England Historical and Genealogical Register

Mention the term witch hunt, and Salem, Massachusetts, springs to mind--and with it the power of superstition, the danger of mob mentality, and our natural fear of gross injustice. For more than a year, between January 1692 and May 1693, the men and women of Salem village lived in heightened fear of witches and their master, the Devil. Hundreds were accused of practicing witchcraft. Many suspects languished in jail for months. Nineteen men and women were hanged; one was pressed to death. Neighbors turned against neighbors, children informed on their parents, and ministers denounced members of their congregations. How could a settled community turn so viciously against itself? Why were certain persons
accused and condemned while others were not? And why did the incidents of Salem occur where and when they did?

Approaching the subject as a legal and social historian, Peter Charles Hoffer offers a fresh look at the Salem outbreak based on recent studies of panic rumors, teen hysteria, child abuse, and intrafamily relations. He brings to life a set of conversations--in taverns and courtrooms, at home and work--which took place among suspected witches, accusers, witnesses, and spectators. The accusations, denials, and confessions of this legal story eventually resurrect the tangled internal tensions that lay at the bottom of the Salem witch hunts.

"This engaged account of New England's most notorious crisis fuses scholarly craft and chutzpah with the skills of a master story teller. The author's expertise as a legal historian, coupled with explorations of oral culture and informed conjectures on such topics as Tituba's origins and 'recovered' memories of child abuse, give The Devil's Disciples a distinguished place in the ever-lengthening line of Salem witchcraft studies."--Michael McGiffert, Editor, William and Mary Quarterly

"Hoffer offers us a balanced, smoothly written book which helps the reader understand how the judges and jury members framed the testimony of frightened and frightening young women. It is a bright, well-informed study."--Timothy H. Breen, Northwestern University


Peter Charles Hoffer is Research Professor of History at the University of Georgia and the author of numerous books on early American law and history, including the second edition of Law and People in Colonial America, also available from Johns Hopkins.

HISTORY

Available April 1998.
6 x 9, 296 pp.
0-8018-5201-3 (paperback) $15.95
0-8018-5200-5 (hardcover) $32.00

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TRAVELING TOCQUEVILLE'S AMERICA
A Tour Book
C-SPAN

Alexis de Tocqueville and Gustave de Beaumont's travels in America in 1831-32 have recently become the subject of renewed interest, as a C-SPAN special program has retraced the Frenchmen's journey by broadcasting each week from a different city along the route. Now the Tocqueville rediscovery continues with the publication of this unique guidebook. Comprised of fifty-five brief chapters covering each of the places Tocqueville visited, the book allows the reader to hear
Tocqueville's words while following in his footsteps.

Each chapter includes a brief description of the city or town, an excerpt from what Tocqueville wrote about it, what he and Beaumont did there, and what sights can still be seen today. Also included are information on population and major industries, telephone numbers and web addresses for local historical societies and visitors' bureaus, and comparisons of the town as it is today with the way it was in
Tocqueville's time. Replete with colorful anecdotes and fascinating detail and supplemented by one hundred illustrations--many of them Beaumont's original sketches--the book offers a unique blend of past and present, of practical tourist tips
and thought-provoking historical insights.

The chapter on Newport, Rhode Island, for example, begins with the story of Tocqueville and Beaumont's arrival from Europe, half-starved and thirsty after a thirty-seven-day ocean voyage on which the ship's captain had badly mismanaged rations. (The inn where the apologetic captain treated them to dinner is still standing.) Among the Frenchmen's first impressions: Americans were "entirely
commercial"--a conclusion based on the small town's extraordinary number of banks (five by Beaumont's count, among them the Citizens Bank, still open today). Newport, we learn, is also home to America's first synagogue, an enduring symbol of Rhode Island's unique beginning as a place of religious tolerance, and the nation's oldest library. Also explained is the origin of the pineapple as a symbol of
hospitality (Newport sailors set them outside their front door to show their neighbors they had returned from the Indies and had fruit to share). The entry concludes with directions, suggestions on where to stay, and tips on tours by foot, car, or boat.

An invaluable guide to a journey of national self-discovery, In the Footsteps of Tocqueville is the perfect companion for armchair traveler and tourist alike.

From the entry on Ossining, New York:

"The Frenchmen relished the town's natural beauty. Ossining's views of the Hudson are spectacular and Beaumont captured them in his sketch book. (For a panorama of the river, go to Louis Engle Park at the foot of Sing Sing on Westerly Road.) At 7 p.m. each evening the duo went swimming in the river. Later, they socialized with the locals. (Beaumont complained that he heard a plethora of painful
musical recitals by women in town.) But the people of Ossining were impressed with the two young men. The Westchester Herald described them as 'gentlemen of engaging manners, of first rate talents.' The house where they boarded still stands (34 State Street). Now a wood-working company, the house has gained additions and lost levels since 1831. It is made of Sing Sing marble, which is actually a pale
limestone that was quarried by prison inmates... "


CULTURAL STUDIES
Distributed for C-SPAN

Available July 1998.
5? x 8?, 256 pp., 100 illus.
0-8018-5965-4 (hardcover) $39.95
0-8018-5966-2 (paperback) $18.95

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MARRIAGE IN THE EARLY REPUBLIC
Elizabeth and William Wirt and the Companionate Ideal
Anya Jabour

"It is a lovely piece of work, a kind of cameo piece. I enjoyed it immensely. Jabour successfully frames the story of the Wirts' marriage within the context and historiography of marriage and the family."--Stephanie McCurry, University of California at San Diego, author of Masters of Small Worlds: Yeoman Households, Gender Relations, and the Political Culture of Antebellum South Carolina

William Wirt practiced law in Virginia and Maryland in the early national period and served as attorney general under James Monroe and John Quincy Adams. Elizabeth Wirt managed the household and cared for the Wirts' large family during her husband's frequent work-related absences. For more than three decades, the Wirts struggled to reconcile their different daily pursuits with their commitment to
marriage as a partnership of equals. In Marriage in the Early Republic Anya Jabour provides a description of a marital relationship that illuminates gender relations in nineteenth-century America.

On one level, this is a story -- a rich narrative full of the joys, sorrows, tensions, and the give-and-take of an American marriage. But because changing gender roles and expectations in this period caused discordance and forced adjustments, Jabour also provides a microhistorical analysis of a broad pattern. Placing the Wirts' marriage in larger context, she shows how problematic marriage -- and the balancing of domestic and childcare responsibilities -- could be as well-to-do Americans developed their own cultural and social expectations.


Anya Jabour is assistant professor of history at the University of Montana.

HISTORY
Gender Relations in the American Experience
Joan E. Cashin and Ronald G. Walters, Editors

Available October 1998.
6 x 9, 288 pp., 4 illus.
0-8018-5877-1 (hardcover) $42.00

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NEW WORLDS FOR ALL
Indians, Europeans, and the Remaking of Early America
Colin G. Calloway

"Calloway employs lucid prose and captivating examples to remind us that neither Indians nor Colonists were a monolithic group... The result is a more nuanced appreciation for the complexity of cultural relationships in Colonial America... He surveys this complex story with imagination and insight and provides an essential starting point for all those interested in the interaction of Europeans and Indians in
early American life." -- David R. Shi, Christian Science Monitor

Although many Americans consider the establishment of the colonies as the birth of this country, in fact Early America already existed long before the arrival of the Europeans. From coast to coast, Native Americans had created enduring cultures, and the subsequent European invasion remade much of the existing land and culture. In New Worlds for All, Colin Calloway explores the unique and vibrant new cultures that Indians and Europeans forged together in early America. The journey toward this hybrid society kept Europeans' and Indians' lives tightly entwined: living, working, worshiping, traveling, and trading together--as well as fearing, avoiding, despising, and killing one another. In the West, settlers lived in Indian towns, eating Indian food. In Mohawk Valley, New York, Europeans tattooed their faces; Indians drank tea. And, a unique American identity emerged.

"I cannot think of another work that sets out to accomplish what Colin Calloway has achieved. New Worlds for All stands poised to become the most successful synthesis of North American ethnohistory from contact to the early national period." -- Gregory E. Dowd, University of Notre Dame

"Colin Calloway's grand synthesis of the experience of Indians and other Americans before 1800 is exceptional in its breadth of vision. Taking as his canvas the entire North American continent--examining everything from war and disease to trade and sex, from clothes and houses to foods and cures--he nonetheless never loses sight of the individual, human story, the vivid encounter or striking incident
that brings the past to life." -- James H. Merrell, Vassar College


Colin G. Calloway is professor of history and Native American studies at Dartmouth College. His previous books include The American Revolution in Indian Country: Crisis and Diversity in Native American Communities, nominated for a 1995 Pulitzer Prize; The Western Abenakis of Vermont, 1600-1800: War, Migration, and the Survival of an Indian People; and Crown and Calumet: British-Indian Relations, 1783-1815.

HISTORY
The American Moment
Stanley Kutler

Available April 1998.
6 x 9, 256 pp., 21 illus.
0-8018-5959-X (paperback) $14.95
0-8018-5448-2 (hardcover) $28.00

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THOMAS JEFFERSON'S TRAVELS IN EUROPE, 1784-1789
George Green Shackelford

"Shackelford captures Jefferson's intellectual vitality, his cultured interests, and the esteem in which he was held by so many who came into contact with him... [His] splendid account of Jefferson abroad captures what he was truly about." -- Times
Literary Supplement

"An intimate and richly detailed description of Jefferson's encounters with European culture... Shackelford's contribution to the study of Jefferson's intellect is as attractive as it is substantive in contributing to our understanding of Jefferson's intellect and the forces that shaped it." -- Georgia Historical Quarterly

"This is a beautiful book: graceful in prose and rich in illustrations." -- Journal of American History

During his time as minister to the court of Louis XVI, from 1784 to 1789, Thomas Jefferson became not only a friend of France but also the champion of European culture in the United States. Because the man who was to become America's third president learned so much from his five years abroad -- about the fine arts of architecture and painting and about the practical arts of agriculture, bureaucracy, and commerce -- his stay in Europe remains one of the most important of any American before or since. Illustrated with more than sixty images of the actual
places the future president visited and described -- including both contemporary works and new photographs -- Jefferson's Travels in Europe is the first book to describe and explore the significance of Jefferson's European journey, detailing the sights he visited, the people he met, and the events he attended. Based on extensive research into Jefferson's account books and correspondence, as well as the experiences of other travelers of the day, George Green Shackelford connects Jefferson's journeys in France, England, Italy, the Netherlands, and the German Rhineland to his intellectual and aesthetic development.

"Immaculately researched, thoughtful, and persuasive... A valuable, handsomely produced book." -- Journal of the Early Republic

"An engaging account of important cultural landmarks in late eighteenth-century Europe and... a useful contribution to the literature on Thomas Jefferson, providing an insight into the private man and his wide circle of friends in Europe. It reminds us again of the vitality and comprehensiveness of Jefferson's interests." -- Journal of Southern History

"A meticulously researched and presented work that increases our knowledge of this period of Jefferson's life." -- William and Mary Quarterly

[original long copy]"While Americans generally still consider Thomas Jefferson to be a veritable Apostle of Americanism, it was his foreign residence and travels that made him America's most sophisticated national leader. To understand how Thomas Jefferson completed his metamorphosis from a talented provincial, it is necessary to reconstitute what he saw on his European journeys, to describe where he lived in Europe, and to speak of how his European friends influenced him."--George Green Shackelford, in Thomas Jefferson's Travels in Europe.

During his time as minister to the court of Louis XVI, from 1784 to 1789, Thomas Jefferson became not only a friend of France but also the champion of European culture in the United States. Because the man who was to become America's third president learned so much from his five years abroad--about the fine arts of architecture and painting and about the practical arts of agriculture, bureaucracy, and commerce--his stay in Europe remains one of the most important of any American before or since. In the first book to describe and explore the significance of Jefferson's European journey, George Green Shackelford offers the reader an intimate and richly detailed account of what Jefferson saw and how he saw it. In the process, he assesses the influence on Jefferson of such figures as the architect Charles Louis Clérisseau and the artist Maria Cosway.

Illustrated with more than sixty images of the actual places Jefferson visited and described--including both contemporary works and new photographs--Jefferson's Travels in Europe shows how Jefferson's journeys in France, England, Italy, the Netherlands, and the German Rhineland shaped his intellectual and aesthetic development. Coaxing meaning out of Jefferson's account books and correspondence, and the parallel experiences of other travelers of the day, Shackelford has created a unique document, one that bears "a general resemblance
to the book that Thomas Jefferson never wrote, his Notes on Europe."

George Green Shackelford is professor emeritus of history at Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University.
He is the author of Jefferson's Adoptive Son: The Life of William Short and George Wythe Randolph and the
Confederate Elite, the editor of Collected Papers of the Monticello Association, Vols. I & II, and the founding curator
of two historic house museums.

HISTORY

Available April 1998.
6 x 9, 240 pp., 63 illus.
0-8018-5950-6 (paperback) $18.95
0-8018-4843-1 (hardcover) $36.00

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MASTER PLOTS
Race and the Founding of an American Literature, 1787-1845
Jared Gardner

When the colonies ceased to be colonies and became the United States, the new nation quickly discovered that it needed a new literary identity, something specifically American. In Master Plots, Jared Gardner examines the tangled intersection of racial and national discourses in early American narrative. While it is well known that the writers of the early national period were preoccupied with differentiating their work from European models, Gardner argues that the national literature of the United States was equally motivated by the desire to differentiate white Americans from blacks and Indians. To achieve these ends, early American writers were drawn to fantasies of an "American race," and an American literature came to be defined not only by its desire for cultural uniqueness but also by its defense of racial purity.

As race moved into the foreground of national policy in the first decades of the nineteenth century and became an issue that threatened to dissolve national identity, American writers were required to rethink race once again. With race no longer available as an abstract metaphor, many white writers worked to rewrite the fantasies of the previous generation that had bound the definition of a national literature so closely to the issues of race.

Gardner follows the shifts in American narrative's engagement with race, from Royall Tyler's Algerine Captive through the novels of Brockden Brown and Cooper, to Poe's tales and Douglass's autobiographies, narratives that differently sought to rewrite the intersections of racial and national identity the first generation had plotted. The larger story Master Plots describes is how the racial language of "slavery" and "savagery" helped nationalist writers plot a unique identity for the new nation and the cost this "master plot" demanded when the empty rhetoric of one generation confronted the historical facts of slavery and Native American Removal in the next. The question of what it means to be an American has lost none of its severity and the desire for an answer none of its urgency. As early nationalist writers wrestled with the question, they proved how hard a question it is to answer and how great are the dangers in scripting its answers too easily.

"Master Plots is an intelligent and thoughtful study of the racial aspects of identity raised by formative American writers like Royall Tyler, Charles Brockden Brown, James Fenimore Cooper, Edgar Allan Poe, and Frederick Douglass. Addressing issues such as the alien and naturalization laws, and the formation of a new nation in response to issues such as slavery and the Native American, it will appeal to scholars of American literature, American studies, and history, and should be a recommended book for graduate courses in the field." -- Shirley Samuels, Cornell University


Jared Gardner is assistant professor of English at Grinnell College.

LITERATURE & LITERARY THEORY

Available May 1998.
6 x 9, 262 pp., 7
0-8018-5813-5 (hardcover) $39.95

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LAW AND PEOPLE IN COLONIAL AMERICA
revised edition
Peter Charles Hoffer

From reviews of the first edition:

"Hoffer outlines the main features of English law and legal institutions, describes their transmission to New England and Virginia, and argues for the emergence of 'an American way of law, a style of keeping order and resolving disputes' that was more open and less formalistic than that of England... Legal and Social Historians will applaud the appearance of this synthesis, and, in a decade's time, will demand a revised edition." -- Journal of American History

"A synthetic essay of considerable grace and scope... An excellent overview of the field." -- Journal of Legal History

For the men and women of colonial America, Peter Hoffer explains, law was a pervasive influence in everyday life. Because it was their law, the colonists continually adapted it to fit changing circumstances. They also developed a sense of legalism that influenced virtually all social, economic, and political relationships. This sense of intimacy with the law, Hoffer argues, assumed a transforming power in times of crisis. In the midst of a war for independence, American revolutionaries labored to explain how their rebellion could be lawful, while legislators wrote
republican constitutions that would endure for centuries.

Fully updated to take account of recent scholarship, this revised edition also offers a fresh look at the legal experiences of American Indians, the French, and the Spanish as people on the edges of English settlement. How did English law deal with neighboring societies? How does this posture help us to understand English law and the changes the New World forced upon it? How did these non-English-speaking people themselves view English law? Law and People in Colonial America provides a rigorous and lively introduction to early American law. It makes essential reading.

Peter Charles Hoffer is Research Professor of History at the University of Georgia and the author of numerous
books on early American law and history, including The Law's Conscience, Impeachment in America, Revolution
and Regeneration, and Murdering Mothers: Infanticide in England and New England, 1558-1803.

HISTORY

Available February 1998.
6 x 9, 214 pp.
0-8018-5822-4 (hardcover) $38.50
0-8018-5816-X (paperback) $14.95

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ORIGINS OF THE SHAKERS
From the Old World to the New World
Clarke Garrett

"The description is outstanding. Nowhere else can one find such a succinct and eminently readable account that places Shakerism in its broadest context. Garrett makes character and personality come alive throughout the book, from the Prophets' strange gyrations to Mother Ann Lee's drinking problem."--Journal of American History

"The most successful study yet written of transatlantic spiritual enthusiasm in the century of the Enlightenment."--Jon Butler, Yale University

Pietists, Methodists, and sectarian groups such as the Shakers all shared the conviction that God touched the individual directly and visibly; manifestations of spirit possession, accompanied by prophecy, visions, and ecstatic seizures, became outward signs of an inner expedience, a kind of sacred theater as believers acted out their possession before others. Clarke Garrett follows this "sacred theater" back to
the Camisards of southeastern France, an ecstatic Protestant group whose doomed rebellion against Louis XIV led to their dispersal among Huguenot exiles. Then, Garrett writes, "in a form that the Huguenots themselves would probably not have recognized, a dozen English ecstatics, who in their native Manchester had been known as Shakers, brought Huguenot spirit possession to America in 1774." The
Shakers emerge as the culmination of the century's religious quest, preserving the immediacy of spirit possession while making it the basis for the formation of an ideal Christian community.

"[Unravels] the subtle links among such apparently divergent manifestations of popular religion as that of the Camisards and French Prophets of the seventeenth century, German pietism, the early Methodists in England, the revivals of the Great Awakening, the Amana community, and the Shakers... Garrett's study deserves the attention of all who would understand the history and nature of ecstatic experience and its continuing presence in Western religion."--Church History

"Shaker buffs will not find this study very comforting, but serious students of Shakerism and historians interested in other communal societies stand in Garrett's debt for his excellent contribution to the field, for his determination to address a range of important but difficult interpretive issues, and for his willingness to employ a critical approach to texts too long handled uncritically."--American Historical Review

"A carefully researched, methodologically sophisticated, and lucidly written work.."--Catholic Historical Review

Originally published as Spirit Possession and Popular Religion: From the Comisards to the Shakers


Clarke Garrett is Charles A. Dana Professor of History Emeritus at Dickinson College. He is the author of
Respectable Folly: Millenarians and the French Revolution.

HISTORY

Available April 1998.
6 x 9, 304 pp.
0-8018-5923-9 (paperback) $16.95
0-8018-3486-4 (hardcover) $48.50

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PALATINES, LIBERTY, AND PROPERTY
German Lutherans in Colonial British America
A.G. Roeber

Recipient of the John H. Dunning Prize, American Historical Association

"This superb book... takes its place as the most comprehensive exploration yet of eighteenth-century German migration to and settlement in America. Ambitious in subject matter, impressive in research and thematic treatment, it is a model of transatlantic investigation that greatly expands our knowledge of mobility in the Atlantic world and ethnic diversity in colonial America. By admirably conveying the variegated experiences of this demographically and culturally significant block of settlers, Roeber establishes them as players in the early American
drama."--Reviews in American History

"A landmark volume, based on a decade of diligent research in German archives and public records as well as in sources in the United States, it marks a new era of more sophisticated knowledge and interpretation of how German understandings of liberty and property were transplanted to and transformed in the New World."-- American Historical Review

In Palatines, Liberty, and Property A. G. Roeber explains why so many Germans, when they faced critical choices in 1776, became active supporters of the patriot cause. Employing a variety of German-language sources and and following all the major German migration streams, Roeber explores German conceptions of personal and public property in the context of cultural and religious beliefs, village life, and family concerns. Co-winner of the John H. Dunning Prize from the American Historical Association, Roeber's study of German-American settlements and their ideas about liberty and property provides an unprecedented view of how non-English culture and beliefs made their way from Europe to America.

"The most thoughtful and comprehensive study ever attempted of the German migration to eighteenth-century America and how it affected and was affected by the Revolution. Roeber's research on German law and patterns of landholding has no parallel in English-language scholarship. This is the one book that everyone should read who wishes to understand the scope and significance of the first massive voluntary migration of non-English speaking settlers to British North America."--John M. Murrin, Princeton University

"Roeber moves colonial legal history in a direction that colonial social and political history has been traveling: multiethnic, trans-Atlantic, and comparative... Particularly valuable in this respect is Roeber's work on the Germans' Old and New World legal institutions and sources of law, inheritance practices, litigiousness, trans-Atlantic networks, and understandings of liberty and property... Although the book might be read as a study of liberty and property as "keywords"... it is more impressive, indeed exemplary, as a social history of conceptual change." -- Law & History Review

"This volume is a significant contribution also to immigration studies. It is a model. Europe is a starting point. Settlement patterns are studied. Village and congregational reconstructions are utilized. Concepts in the German lexicon are analyzed. Throughout, Roeber has avoided oversimplification and recognized the richness and complexity of the German-American contribution to colonial life."--Journal of American History


A. G. Roeber is professor of history and religious studies, head of the Department of History, and co-director of the Max Kade German-American Research Institute at the Pennsylvanua State University. He is the author of Faithful Magistrates and Republican Lawyers: Creators of Virginia Legal Culture, 1680-1810.

HISTORY
Early America: History, Context, Culture
Jack P. Greene and J.R. Pole, Series Editors

Available May 1998.
6 x 9, 448 pp.
0-8018-5968-9 (paperback) $18.95
0-8018-4459-2 (hardcover) $52.00

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Douglas Anderson, The Radical Enlightenments of Benjamin Franklin.

 March 1997. 288 pages, 3 illus. 0-8018-5445-8 $39.95 

From Blue Ridge to Barrier Islands

An Audubon Naturalist Reader

edited by J. Kent Minichiello 
and Anthony W. White

J. Kent Minichiello a retired professor of mathematics, is director of the Natural History Field Studies Program, a joint project of the U.S. Department of Agriculture Graduate School and the Audubon Naturalist Society.

Anthony W. White is a retired naval officer and former president of both the Maryland Ornithological Society and the Audubon Naturalist Society of the Central Atlantic States.  

Tocqueville in America

George Wilson Pierson

George Wilson Pierson was professor of history and Fellow of Davenport College at Yale University.  

Bennington and the Green Mountain Boys

The Emergence of Liberal Democracy in Vermont, 1760-1850

Robert E. Shalhope

Robert E. Shalhope is George Lynn Cross Professor of History at the University of Oklahoma. He is the author of Sterling Price: Portrait of a Southerner, John Taylor of Caroline: Pastoral Republican, and The Roots of Democracy: American Culture and Thought, 1760-1800. 

Reconfiguring American Political History
Ronald P. Formisano, Donald DeBats, and Paula M. Baker, Series Editors  

December 11, 1999