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Besides
God, reality consists of objects that are, or inhere in, mental
substance or material substance or both.
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Framing
the proposal about material objects requires a meaningless abstract
idea (10-17).
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We
cannot know there is any such thing as material substance (18)
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The
supposition of material substance is useless (explains nothing)
(19).
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The
notion of material substance is logically incoherent (because it is
supposed to be both like and unlike sensible ideas)
(22-24?).
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Therefore,
reality is wholly mental.
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Therefore,
reality consists of minds (mental substance) and ideas.
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The
order, regularity and coherence of our ideas (some of them) and the
fact that we do not cause them proves that they have an
external cause.
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This
cause must be God (an infinite mind).
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The
totality of all ideas and the spirits in which they inhere, is the
universe. God eternally perceives the whole. All reality thus
consists in being perceived or perceiving.